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Бенько М.А. 1

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Диплом школьника

1. Definition of a phrasebook as a type of a dictionary………………………… 5-7

2. How to make a language phrasebook………………………………………….7-15

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………16

References ………………………………………………………………………..17

Appendix .………………………………………………………………………...18

Appendix …………………………………………………………………………19

Appendix …………………………………………………………………………20

Introduction

Language can be regarded as one of the most important cross-cultural points of contact between the people belonging to different cultures, languages and social standings. The reason for this is that it is one of the most essential and effective means of communication between them. As the contemporary world is changing at fast clip with changes taking place in every field, so it makes worse the need to communicate. Nowadays many people of different nationalities like travelling all around the world. Without question English is the language of international communication. This gives rise to the necessity of creating phrasebooks which could be easily to use while travelling and / or having a talk with a foreigner.

But there’s such a problem as what kind of phrasebook we must choose in order to make the process of communication more easily. Analyzing special literature on lexicography we came to conclusion that there is no specific classification of phrasebooks. Some lexicographers consider them to be a type of a dictionary, the other concentrate on them as on the records of old lexicography.

The topicality of the present research work is accounted for by the fact that in recent years practical use of the English language has been given much attention to. So there is a great need to compile a phrasebook which could be easily to use both the young and the old.

As a rule, phrasebooks are compiled to meet the demands of the people who go abroad or have to communicate with a foreigner. That is why, these users should be given thorough instruction in how phrases are to be used and this instruction should be given from the standpoint of the user’s native language.

While compiling a new phrasebook a main point should be taken into consideration, it is the sphere where that phrasebook will be used.

The consideration stated above predetermined the choice of the sphere of our investigation: a pocket phrasebook for a typical Russian secondary-school student.

The novelty of the present research work consists in defining phrases which today’s students mostly use in their every day communication and on this basis compile a pocket phrasebook which could be used by them.

The hypothesis of the present paper is as follows: if students learning a foreign language have a pocket phrasebook containing everyday speech patterns, they will be able to use phrasebook effectively and this will encourage their capabilities in communicative skills and promote the successful assimilation of a foreign language.

The subject of the present paper isphrasebooks as a type of dictionary

The objects of the research work are spheres of leaner’s communication and phrases which are mostly used in students’ everyday communication, rules of compilation of a phrasebook.

The aim of the research work is to compile a pocket phrasebook for a common secondary-school learner in order to be really helpful for foreign language communication.

The tasks of the present paper are:

1. to define such term as “phrasebook”;

2. to study the problems of the compilation of a phrasebook;

3. to conduct a survey in order to find out the most popular spheres of leaner’s communication and phrases which are mostly used in students’ everyday communication;

4. to compile a pocket phrasebook according to the results of the survey;

5. to make an experiment in order to test the effectiveness of using the pocket phrasebook.

The practical value of the present paper lies in the fact that the compiled phrasebook can be useful to all who learns English both in class and outside the classroom, in everyday life.

The structure of the present work: introduction, theoretical part, practical part, conclusion, appendix.

1. Definition of a phrasebook as a type of dictionary

Studying literature on the subject of our work we came to conclusion that phrasebooks are defined as one of the types of dictionaries. As dictionaries lie in the scientific field of lexicology, I decided to give the definition of that science. So according to Oxford English Dictionary lexicography has been generally defined as the writing or compiling of a lexicon or dictionary, the art or practice of writing dictionaries or the science of methods of compiling dictionaries.

There is no doubt that the single most important resource students have for learning any language is their dictionary. But today there are very few students or teachers who cannot benefit from learning how to use dictionaries effectively. This is considered to be the problem of learner’s lexicography. The task of the present-day’s lexicography is to make students understand that their dictionaries are not just lists of words with their meanings; the task is to teach dictionary skills.

There are several reasons why students should be taught dictionary skills:

1) dictionary skills give students greater control over their own learning, and shift the responsibility of learning to the student;

2) students are not born knowing how to use dictionaries well, so they need to gain this knowledge and these skills, in order to use their dictionary effectively;

3) dictionary skills help students to disentangle information in the dictionary by making things explicit to them;

4) dictionaries naturally generate a great deal of thinking about meaning and language;

5) dictionary training can help students explore personal preferences and learning styles and may also lead students to new modes of study.

Dictionaries are not only a tool for private or individual learning problems, but they can also become a springboard to all sorts of other communicative and interactive activities. By exploiting dictionaries as a source of interaction, teachers can help students develop their confidence as dictionary users and as language learners. An important benefit of this is that students will be exposed to a great deal of language that will help them experience and explore it.

It is known that language is a social phenomenon. The study of language cannot be divorced from the study of the social system and the development in society. The development and progress in the social, political and technological system is manifest in the vocabulary of a language. New words are introduced and old words die out. New meanings are added to words and old meanings are dropped out.

Taking this fact into consideration it is very important for every dictionary to contain up-to-date words and phrases in terms of the satisfaction of the needs of the various types of users (learners) in the various types of situations.

Nowadays there exist infinitely many types of dictionaries: children’s dictionaries, translation dictionaries, learning dictionaries, illustrated dictionaries, biographical dictionaries, quotation dictionaries, dictionaries of slang, curses and dialects, dictionaries of proper names, retrograde dictionaries, dictionaries of synonyms, rhyming dictionaries, electronic dictionaries, on-line dictionaries, dictionaries on CD-ROM. In short, there are so many dictionaries that it would be impossible to list them all here.

It would be an illusion to think that we can find the proper definition of the word dictionary. In simplistic terms, a dictionary is a book or bank about words or phrases.

As English is now considered as an international language, a good command of the language is deemed essential to function in a globalized world. For non-native speakers of English, learning English has become so important that it cannot just be confined to formal school curriculum: it is an activity which people feel they need to engage in throughout their lives -mainly in a self-learning mode. However, English teachers are unavailable outside the schools and learners need to find reliable information that they can refer to when they encounter a variety of problems related to English. English dictionaries including phrasebooks can fill this void.

The aim of our work is to give definition of a phrasebook. Analysing some sources we have found the following definitions of the given notion.

1. A book of foreign language expressions and their translations. (Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition, 2011 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company).

2. a book containing frequently used expressions and their equivalents in a foreign language, esp for the use of tourists (Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged , HarperCollins Publishers 2003)

3. a small book containing everyday phrases and sentences and their equivalents in a foreign language. (Webster's College Dictionary, Random House Kernerman, 2005)

To conclude, it must be stated that phrasebook is considered in the given work as a small book containing everyday phrases, sentences and their translations.

2 How to Make a Language Phrasebook

Language is a complex tool. For most people it's hard to add a new one to their toolbox unless they learn it young. Unfortunately, it's impossible to be prepared for everything; this planet has thousands of languages, ranging from those with only one speaker left to those with millions of voices.

2.1. Pronunciation, Alphabet/Writing System

For a spoken language, the building blocks are its phonemes, or sounds. For a written language, the key components are the letters or symbols. Most languages have an alphabet that at least partially corresponds to their sound system. It's probably best to include the entire phonetic alphabet. It might also be a good idea to also record the symbols for the words in the phrasebook to expand your communication abilities to writing.

Without context, the phonetic alphabet may not help you. So include notes about pronunciation and rules. English is notoriously tricky about making rules and breaking them in the next word; following this, you should also note any particular exceptions. The goal is that, using this reference, you should be able to take any written word in the language and have some idea of its pronunciation even if you don't know its meaning.

Special Note: Numbers

In spoken conversation, numbers are generally less important than number words, or words that imply amount without specifics. Some of these should probably be included in your phrasebook:

• all

• many

• some

• half

• few

• none

However, numbers have their place, either to be specific ("Two of my friends are coming to dinner," is much more useful to a host with limited capacity than, "Some of my friends are coming to dinner.") or to note dates and times. You should write down a minimum of 1-10, but go further depending on your needs.

2.2. Everyday Phrases

For this section, don't worry so much about whether you know all of the words in the phrase individually. That will come. But in the meantime, the phrases themselves will help you navigate everyday situations. We've broken them down into three sections.

Etiquette

When you can, it's best to be polite. If you're using this phrasebook to help you when traveling, then this is also a good place to note down any customs you're not familiar with, such as a reminder to take your shoes off when entering a residence.

• please (asking for something)

• please (offering something)

• thank you

• you're welcome

• yes

• no

• excuse me

• sorry

• wait, please

Greetings and Small Talk

First, how do you address people in the language? Do you use an equivalent of Mr. or Ms.? Write this down in addition to anything you need from the list below. Add anything else you think is likely to come up, given your situation or reason for learning the language. As an example, a teacher using this for their language class might include questions and answers about homework.

• Hello

• Good afternoon/day/evening/morning

• How are you?

• I'm fine/okay/bad/sick.

• What's your name?

• My name is...

• This is my friend/parent/child

• That is...

• What is that?

• I'm pleased to meet you.

• I'm ___ years old.

• See you later!

• Goodbye.

• Good night.

• Bon voyage!

Good-to-Know

While not fitting well in any other category, these phrases are good to know in any situation where you're less than fluent with the language.

• where is the restroom

• what does ___ mean? (Can be used either to ask what a word in their language means, or what a word in your language is in theirs)

• I understand/I don't understand

2.3. Emergency Words and Your Body

Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. Even if you're going on vacation, it's best to know how to get someone's attention if you need help, and how to tell them what's going on and where you're hurt. This also applies if someone needs your help. If you have any specific health concerns, this is where you should write them down.

Emergency Words

• help!

• emergency!

• stop!

• go away!

• thief!

• fire!

• be careful.

• watch out!

• I'm hurt!

• I'm sick.

• I'm lost.

• call the police/a doctor/an ambulance!

• can I use your phone/computer/etc.?

Your Body

The names of body parts are important to know when dealing with injuries, but they can also come in handy when clothing shopping, playing a sport, or asking to hold someone's hand.

• Head- ear, nose, mouth, eye, eyebrow, brain, tooth, hair

• Arm- hand, finger, fingernail, wrist, elbow, shoulder

• Torso- chest, stomach, heart, lungs, organs

• Lower Body- bum, leg, hip, knee, ankle, foot, toe, toenail

• Misc - skin, blood, muscle

2.4. Question Words

A direct question isn't the only way to collect information, but it's usually one of the simplest. The foundation of a question is the word that identifies what kind of information you're asking about, be it a person, object, time, place, reason, process or number. In the right context, and depending on the language, the word alone can get your question across and give you answers. So it's a good idea to include the following words in your phrasebook.

• who

• what

• when

• where

• why

• how

• how much/many

2.5. Descriptive Words and Pronouns

It's usually a good idea to learn some basic adjectives. That way, you can tell someone if a package is heavy, or tell your host the food is good, or understand when someone warns you that the ride is fast. I've included some basic opposites, but add any others you think will suit your purpose.

• big

• small

• slow

• fast

• light (weight)

• heavy

• light (brightness)

• dark

• good

• bad

• narrow

• wide

Depending on the language (some barely use pronouns, making them less useful to bother with for a beginner), descriptive words can also be a good tool to help learn the possessive form of pronouns, possibly along with a few select nouns. If pronouns have an important place in the language you're making the phrasebook for, write all of them down. Then, for the possessive forms, create a list like the following. You can fill in the blanks with nouns you want to learn ("my big house") or leave them blank to focus on the pronouns and adjectives.

• my big ___

• your small ___

• their slow ___

• their fast ___

• his light (weight) ___

• her heavy ___

Finally, it's a good idea to write down the major colors (black, white, and everything on the rainbow). Be careful- languages have differing definitions of colors. As an example, in English, blue and green are different colors. But in Vietnamese, they're different shades of the same color.

2.6. Feelings and Opinions

While the basic phrases above can get you through small talk, these will help you have a basic way to express yourself and ask the opinions of others. Add anything you think you'll need.

• Are you...

• I'm cold/hot

• I'm disappointed

• I'm embarrassed

• I'm happy/sad

• I'm in a hurry/feeling rushed

• I'm tired/sleepy

• I'm worried

• I'm religious/not religious

• Did/do you...

• I liked/didn't like that

• I thought it was okay/awful/awesome/boring/exciting

• I thought it was cheap/expensive/reasonable

• I agree/don't agree

• I have a problem/don't have a problem with that

2.7. Money

Supposedly, love makes the world go 'round, but some days it definitely seems like the motor is money. This may not matter if you're learning a new language as a personal hobby, but if you expect to be doing any business in it, a grasp of monetary terms is essential. If you travel to a country that uses a different currency than your own, it's also a good idea to know their money and the exchange rate. So write it down, along with the names and denominations of the currency. Then add any of the following words you might need.

• money

• loan

• cash, debit, credit

• traveler's check

• bank

• bank account

• ATM (or the equivalent)

2.8. Food

Food is one of the main sources of culture. It's also a necessity for life. While many restaurants have pictures on their menu, if you're traveling it's probably a good idea to note down any particular foods you like- or don't like!- as well as anything you're allergic to.

• I want...

• I like...

• I'm allergic to...

• Does this dish have ___ in it?

• breakfast, lunch, dinner, snack

• I'm hungry/thirsty/full

• food- burgers, pizza, health food, vegetables, rice, noodles, etc

• drinks- lemonade, soda, water, tea, coffee, etc

2.9. Travel

What are some words you need to say in order to travel? Depending on your situation and method, it can be a short list ("what's the bus fare?") or a long one ("where do I buy tickets, how much, what is the weight limit, can I get assistance?"). Here's a start, but be sure to think through your plans carefully in order to determine what you're likely to need.

• taxi, airplane, rental car, bus, train, boat/ship, car

• road, path, highway, rail

• airport, train station, bus station, harbor

• right, left, east, west, north, south, up, down

• street, road, city, town

• ticket, pass, fare, payment

• cash, credit, debit, traveler's checks

• where is...

• how far is...

• can you give me directions to...

• how much (for bus fare and the like)?

• does (the bus, etc.) take (cash or credit, etc.)?

• when is (the next bus, etc)?

• does the (vehicle) have (certain) accommodations?

• how much luggage can I take?

• is there a weight limit?

• can I get assistance?

• what floor is ___ on?

• what is the room number?

• what is the address?

2.10. Interests

Hobbies are an important part of our lives. Whether it's making spreadsheets for video game items or the more mundane skydiving, most people like having fun. So write down some recreation words, or words relating to things you're interested in. Maybe you'll meet a speaker of your new language who likes them too. Some examples:

Billiards, calligraphy, chess, computer games, cooking, dancing, drawings, films, gardening, hiking, music, painting, photography, reading, shopping, socializing, sports, surfing the internet, traveling, watching TV, bird watching, writing, gaming, hunting, swimming, star gazing, traveling, playing cards, running, exercising... and even more I can't think of. But this part should be pretty easy, since it'll be unique to you.

Special Note: Jargon

Jargon words are the kind of words people don't necessarily understand in their own language. They're the specialized terms of particular fields. If you've ever read a medical article or an engineering document and had to grab a dictionary, you've encountered jargon. Especially if you're learning a language for business, you should note down any words specific to your field.

2.11. Quirks

Does this language have any unusual rules (grammar, spelling, politeness, etc.) that are hard to remember? Any phrases that you get confused by? Write them down. Every language has odd foibles that first speakers almost never notice, but can trip up anyone trying to learn it later. This will also vary depending on what your first language is. English speakers tend to have trouble with tonal languages like Chinese; by contrast, someone who already speaks a tonal language probably won't have as much of a problem.

Taking into consideration all the points given above I decided to compile my own phrasebook which could be helpful for students of any secondary school even if their command of the English language is not very good. To achieve my goal I need to fulfill some tasks. Firstly, I had to find out what spheres of communication were the most popular with my schoolmates. To do this, I conducted a survey asking students what places they visit oftener, who they talk with, what problems and topics they speak about. Secondly, I analised more frequently used phrases in the spheres of communication of my schoolmates. At last, according to the results of my survey I compiled my pocket phrasebook. The main goal of my phrase book is: It must help my schoolmates to communicate in their everyday life. So I decided to test the effectiveness of my pocket phrase book. In order to do this I gave it to some of my schoolmates and asked them to speak to each other in English using my pocket phrase book. To my delight, they managed the task and were happy because they understood to speak English is not difficult but interesting. They realized it could be useful in their everyday life. It gives me right to say, that my pocket book is easy to use and it can encourage students to learn and speak English.

Conclusion

Summing up the results, it can be concluded that:

• a phrase book is a small book containing everyday phrases, sentences and their translations:

• the problem of compiling a phrasebook is not properly stated in lexicographic articles and researches;

• there is a little information on the rules of compilation a good and helpful phrasebook for an average secondary school student;

• to compile a pocket phrasebook for an ordinary secondary school learner some surveys must be conducted.

• the experiment on “testing” my pocket phrasebook by my schoolmates shows that it could be helpful for students to make up dialogues on topics given in our English student’s book. In addition to this it could be used in their everyday life while chatting with their peers from different countries per Intenet.

References:

1. Language Learning Hack: Create a Personal Phrasebook with Your Own Most Common Phrases https://freelanguage.org

2. How to Make a Language Phrasebook, SotD and Zera, http://sotdandzera.hubpages.com,

3. Lexicology and lexicography http://www.ciil-ebooks.net/html/lexico/link5.htm

4. Zhang Y. Learner's Lexicography and Second Language Teaching: Proceedings of First International Symposium on Lexicography and L2 Teaching and Learning. - Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2010. - p.89.

5. Левченко Григорий Александрович, Словарь-разговорник в России: типологический и социолингвистический аспекты, диссертация, Москва, 2007

Appendix 1

Questionnaire 1

What are the most popular spheres of communication with teenagers?

•  

  1. Do you like to communicate with your peers?

  2. Where do you usually meet with your friends?

  3. What places do you usually visit?

  4. Where can you make a new friend?

  5. What do you usually do in your free time?

Appendix 2

Questionnaire 2

What are the most common phrases with the teenagers?

1. How often do you communicate with your peers?

2. What topics do you like to discuss?

3. What phrases do you use when you greet your peers?

4. What phrases do you use when you go by bus?

5. What phrases do you use when you buy clothes?

6. What phrases do you use when you buy food?

7. What phrases do you use when you go out?

Appendix 3

Tips for Creating a Personal Phrasebook with Your Own Most Common Phrases

Whose most common phrases?!

The most common phrases in a language are relative to the person speaking.

You have a personal lexicon, a unique collection of words and phrases accumulated over your lifetime. Use your individual language palette to blend a custom phrasebook, a hack to establish your presence in new languages.

This singular list of phrases will enable you to speak without hesitation on topics of mutual interest and need to your interlocutor(s), keep conversations flowing, capture people's focus and create more engaging constructive practice with native speakers.

Watch what you say.

Figure out what you say the most in your everyday life by watching what you say in your native language.

Throughout one day, take note of the commonest phrases in your daily speech. Be sure it is a day you will be interacting with as many people as possible, preferably in a wide variety of situations, to stimulate novelty.

From time to time, choose a day to revisit and pay close attention to your personal language habits. See where you are, what you have learned, what you may have missed.

Let your unique interests shape a personal phrasebook.

Imagine the topics you want to discuss in a new language and hack together a unique set of terms to use in your personal phrasebook.

Using vocabulary that is of interest to you gives meaning to what you learn and ensures you will be more quickly conversant on topics you find interesting.

Maintain this list of individual words and incorporate them into a wide range of common phrases by following established formulas.

Note common phrase formulas and customize them.

You commonly repeat certain formulaic phrases to perform specific linguistic tasks, for example, to talk about something you would do if certain requirements were met:

• If I had a swimsuit, I would go swimming.

A single phrase formula can revolutionalize your ability to access a unique language function. Made of the very bits of phrase-making material, these functions are often related, and changing meaning is just a matter of altering a word or even sound:

• If I had a swimsuit, I could go swimming.

Learn concepts and use them to extrapolate patterns:

• I might go.

• We might want to see them.

• He might have a solution.

• You might feel better tomorrow.

Delight in simple ways to express aspects of time:

• I will come when I can.

• I came when I could.

Memorize and hack common language patterns.

The more examples of these phrase formulas you add to your personal lexicon, the broader your ability to express distict concepts. By hacking, learning and using common language sound and rhythm patterns, you become adept with specific phrases and can build new concepts on the fly.

Learn the basic verbs (have, go, be...) and subject pronouns (I, you, s/he, we, they, it) and use them to weave meaning into memorized patterns:

• If I had a swimsuit, I could go swimming.

• If we had swimsuits, we could go swimming.

• If it were obvious, we would find out.

• He might want to have a solution.

• They might go to see them.

• S/he will go when s/he can.

• We ate when we could.

Notice and apply these formulas to navigate a variety of language functions around your favorite topics and activities.

Use an existing phrasebook to build on.

Start with any old travel or other phrasebook(s) to clear up some well-established common phrases.

Further inspiration can be found searching for your target language along with "most common phrases". To dive deeper, track down audio examples of basic phrases.

A range of phrasebooks provides good hacking material. For popular target languages, phrasebooks are available for uses as diverse as business, travel, dating and technical topics.

Expand with common sense.

Use your good head to think about situations you frequently find yourself in. Do the same for situations you will likely find yourself in when speaking the target language.

Integrate these into your expanding phrasebook to construct personalized approaches to common conversation topics and interactions.

For the sake of well-rounded utility, be sure to include topics of need alongside those of personal interest.

Reach for these ten phrases to engage native speakers.

Become quick to the draw with ten phrases often used when learning languages. These are particular in that they allow you to guide native speakers in your self-motivated edification.

Get proper translations of these language facilitation phrases into your target language and memorize them to encourage more productive interaction from the start.

• My name is "So and So".

• I can understand some "Target Language".

• I want to learn "Target Language".

• Please repeat what you just said.

• What does "Target Word" mean?

• Please speak slowly so I can hear you better.

• Can you write that down for me?

• How do you pronounce this word?

• Would you like to help me learn your language?

• How do you say "Native Word" in "Target Language".

Combine common phrases to make conversation.

Activity with meaning creates context, which aids in memorization. Become familiar with both sides of set interactions, like ordering food, chatting about the weather or explaining what you do for a living.

Listen intentionally to dialogue you create and understand in order to forge the necessary neural pathways - those that that separate sound into meaning - for natural conversation on self-selected topics.

Pronounce and articulate clearly.

While learning phrases, it is key to get source material or a native speaker to ensure you learn the proper rhythm (meter) and sounds (phones).

Exposure to plenty of authentic listening material is a good way to gauge and imbibe the tempo of a new tongue.

Practice speaking with slow, clearly-articulated phrases until accurate pronunciation is acquired.

Доброе утро! Good morning!

Добрый день! Good afternoon!

Добрый вечер! Good evening!

Спокойной ночи. Good night.

Привет! Hello! / Hi!

Приятно познакомиться. It's nice to meet you.

Рад Вас снова видеть. I'm glad to see you again.

Как Ваши дела? How are you?

Как успехи? How are you getting along?

Можно узнать, как Вас зовут? May I have your name?

Вот моя визитная карточка. This is my business card.

До свидания. Goodbye.

До встречи. See you later.

До скорой встречи. See you soon.

Счастливо. Take care of yourself.

Не пропадайте. Let's keep in touch.

С нетерпением жду нашей следующей встречи. I'm looking forward to seeing

you again.

Etiquette

Ты завтра свободен? Will you be free tomorrow?

Хочешь пойти со мной? Would you like to come with me?

Пойдешь со мной за покупками? Won't you go shopping with me?

Пойдем купаться. Let's go swimming.

Не хотите чего-нибудь поесть? Would you care for something to eat?

Звучит неплохо. That sounds good.

Чувствуйте себя как дома. Make yourself at home.

Извините (если привлекаешь внимание, прерываешь).Excuse me.

Извините (если извиняешься). Sorry.

Подождите минуту, пожалуйста. Just a minute please.

Это моя вина. That's my fault.

Я был неосторожен. It was careless of me.

В следующий раз постараюсь. Next time I'll get it right.

Извини, что заставил тебя ждать. I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.

Можно Вас побеспокоить на секунду? May I bother you a moment?

Нет, ничего. Never mind.

Ничего, пожалуйста. Oh it's nothing.

Ничего. Forget it.

Простите. I beg your pardon.

Повторите, пожалуйста. Say it once more please.

Напишите это здесь, пожалуйста. Please write it here.

Пожалуйста, поторопитесь. Please hurry up.

Пойдем со мной! Come with me!

Можно взглянуть? May I take a look at it?

Можно одолжить твою ручку? Can I borrow your pen?

Помоги мне с этой проблемой. Will you help me with this problem?

Что это? What's this?

Что это значит? What does this mean?

Почему бы и нет? Why not?

Чем скорее, тем лучше. The sooner the better

Everyday phrases

Я не уверен. I'm not sure.

Не думаю. I don't think so.

Боюсь, что нет. I'm afraid not.

Невероятно. It's incredible.

О, как жаль. That's too bad.

У меня плохое настроение. I feel blue.

Это отвратительно. It's disgusting.

Меня от тебя тошнит. You make me sick.

Успокойся, все будет в порядке. Calm down, everything will be OK.

Не надо нервничать. Don't be nervous. / Take it easy.

Не торопитесь. Take your time.

Не обращай(те) внимания на то, что он сказал. Don't bother with what he said.

Остыньте! Cool it!

Не унывайте! Cheer up!

Какая жалость! What a pity!

Вот так сюрприз! What a surprise!

Вы, должно быть, шутите! You must be kidding!

О боже, какой кошмар! Oh dear what a mess!

Который час? What time is it?

Сколько времени? What time do you have?

Семь часов. It's seven o'clock.

Без четверти восемь. It's a quarter to eight.

Десять минут пятого. It's ten minutes past four.

Полдевятого. It's half past eight.

Рано. It's early.

Уже поздно? Is it late?

Сколько времени идти туда пешком? How long will it take to wall over there?

Поздравляю! Congratulations!

Поздравляю с днем рождения! Best wishes for your birthday!

С рождеством! Merry Christmas!

Наилучшие пожелания в новом году! Best wishes for a Happy New Year!

Желаю счастья сегодня и всегда! Happy many returns of the day!

Христос воскрес! Happy Easter!

Желаю Вам счастья и многих лет жизни. I wish you many years of happiness.

Поздравляю от всей души. Heartiest congratulations.

Желаю тебе поскорее выздороветь. I hope you'll get better soon.

Счастливой поездки! Have a nice trip!

Удачи! Good luck.

Давай еще раз встретимся! Let's meet again!

Какой чудесный день! What a nice day!

Жарко. It's hot.

Завтра будет солнечно. It will be sunny tomorrow.

Какой ужасный день! What a nasty day!

Какая погода? What’s the weather like?

Этот автобус идет туда? Does this bus go to that place?

Когда идет следующий автобус? What time does the next bus leave?

Это расписание еще действует? Is this bus schedule current?

Сколько стоит билет? What’s the fare?

Как долго ехать до центра? How long will it take to go downtown?

Здесь есть поблизости хорошее кафе? Are there any good

cafes around here?

Я хочу есть (пить)I'm hungry (thirsty)

Меню, пожалуйста. Menu, please.

Что будете заказывать? May I take your otder?

Я возьму то же самое. I'll have the same thing.

Я возьму это. I'll have this.

Сколько времени это займет? How long will it take?

Я возьму только бутерброд с ветчиной. I'll just have a ham sandwich.

Можно попросить стакан воды? May I have a glass of water?

Апельсиновый или томатный сок? Orange juice or tomato juice?

Как на счет чего-нибудь на десерт? How about some dessert?

Блинчики и молочный коктейль, пожалуйста. Pancakes and a milk shake, please.

Еще одну пиццу. One more pizza, please.

С маслом. With butter.

С лимоном. With lemon.

Еще немного, пожалуйста. A little more, please.

Больше не надо, спасибо. No more, thank you.

Это вкусно? How does it taste?

Было очень вкусно. It was delicious.

Я сыт. It was more than I could eat.

Счет, пожалуйста. Bill, please.

Можно попросить счет? Could I have the bill, please?

Когда закрывается этот магазин? When does this store close?

Открыто с девяти до пяти. Open from nine o’clock to

five o’clock .

Закрыто с двенадцати до двух. Closed from twelve o’clock

to two o’clock .

Где здесь торговый центр ? Where is the shopping area?

На каком этаже продовольственный отдел? On which floor is the food department?

Где я могу купить...? Where can I buy ..?

Я только смотрю. I’m just looking around .

Это дорого ? Is this expensive?

Это неплохо , но дороговато . It’s good, but it’s a little expensive.

У вас есть такой же другого цвета? Do you have this in another colour?

У вас есть побольше ? Do you have a bigger one?

У вас есть подешевле ? Do you have a cheaper one?

Я хотел бы взглянуть на более светлый (темный) тон.

I would like to see a lighter (darker) shade.

Я беру это . I’ll take this.

Я хотел бы примерить . I’d like to try it on.

Я хотел бы примерить оба. I would like to try both of them on.

Где примерочная ? Where’s the fitting room?

Я хотел бы посмотреть телефон. I would like to see a telephone.

Покажите, как этим пользоваться . Will you show me how to operate it?

Где я могу заплатить? Where do I pay?

Will you check it again?

Вы неправильно дали мне сдачу. You gave me the wrong change.

Дайте мне , пожалуйста , чек . Can you give me a receipt, please?

Я уже заплатил . I have already paid.

Sport Спорт

Какой спорт ты любишь? What sport do you like?

Я люблю (баскетбол, волейбол…) I like (basketball volleyball)

Давайте пойдем кататься на роликах. Let’s go roller skating.

Где каток, Where is a skating ring?

Умеешь кататься на скейтборде? Can you ride a skateboard?

Я хочу сходить в бассейн. I’d like to go

to the swimming pool.

Я ищу боулинг. I’m looking for bowling.

Я ищу спортивную площадку. I’m looking for a playing field

Я ищу спортзал. I’m looking for a gym.

Я бы хотел посмотреть футбольный матч. I’d like to see a (football) match

Theatre Cinema Concert

Emergency Words

Помогите!	Help!
Вызовите полицию	Call the police
Вызовите врача	Call for a doctor
Я потерялся/заблудился	I'm lost

New Phrases

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