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Различия британского и американского английского Differences between British and American English

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Каменская О.А. 1

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1МБОУ СОШ №1

Альбас А.А. 1

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1МБОУ СОШ №1

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Introduction

The relevance of the linguistics industry is one of the most dynamically developing for today. More and more different people from all over the world want to learn interesting languages. The most popular for today is English.

The purpose of the project work: To study the information found from books, textbooks and the Internet and to identify the differences between British and American English.

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to achieve a number of tasks

Determine the essence of the concept of the English language.

Explore the history of the English language.

Analyze the information received.

Identify the differences between British and American English.

To summarize.

Part 1 - Basic theoretical concepts of the English language

The essence of the concept of English

English is the language of the Anglo-Frisian subgroup of the Western group of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. English is the most important international language, which is a consequence of the colonial policy of the British Empire in the XIX century and the global influence of the United States of America in the XX-XXI centuries. It is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. There is a significant variety of dialects and dialects of the English language.

Everyone who has ever taken up learning English has paid attention to the difference in pronunciation in movies, music videos or instructional videos. Pairs of words that have the same meaning but sound different are divided into two columns: British and American.

History of the English language

From the lessons of history, we know that America and the USA in particular have been inhabited for a long time by immigrants from European countries, the local population was oppressed in places, in places simply exterminated, and new languages settled in the territories together with the settlers.

The large-scale colonization of America by the British, the largest wave of which occurred in the 17th century, brought English to America, which began to take root in local languages and newcomers: German, French, Spanish.

Due to the fact that by the time of the War of Independence in the United States, more than 80% of the settlers were English, English became the main language of the independent state.

In general, it should be noted that language cannot be called a constant value, it changes endlessly — some words appear, others age, new grammatical rules arise. The American English language, separated from England by thousands of kilometers of ocean and an undeveloped communication system, ceased to develop in the rhythm of British, but began to change independently among a large number of immigrants from different countries, which actually led to the difference in languages that we are seeing now.

So what is the difference between these two options?

Part 2 - Practical part

2.1 Differences between British and American English

Having studied a lot of information on this topic, I am ready to introduce you to the differences between British and American English.

Differences in vocabulary.

Having settled on a new continent, the British faced concepts that they had not met at home.all spheres of life required new words to describe them.

Some words were adapted, some were adopted from other languages. So, the word "elk" in British English means "moose", and in American "raisin", for the designation of "North American moose" Americans use the word "moose".

If we talk about borrowings, then the familiar pair of words "employer" (employer) and "employee" (employee) are familiar to us precisely thanks to the suffixes [ee] and [er] borrowed from French to denote the subject and object of action.

Differences in the spelling of words

The differences in spelling originate from the work of Noah Webster on the American Dictionary of the English language, in which he fixed the uniform standards of American English.

For example, how is it correct to write "color" or "colour"? The answer is simple: "color" is American English, and "color" is British.

Grammar differences

From a grammatical point of view, we can say that American English tends to simplify forms more. Americans do not bother and do not complicate Perfect sentences once again, even with such classic time markers as "just" (just now), "already" (already), they use the usual Past Simple, whereas the British will consider such use erroneous and will definitely say such a sentence in Present Perfect.

For example, the sentence "He has just arrived" in the British version will sound: "He has just arrived". Americans will formulate it as "He just arrived".

Many have also encountered misunderstandings when studying such a simple verb as "to have", because there are two types of its translation "have got" (British version) and "have" (American version), both of them are correct, but they are different versions of the same language.

In addition, colloquial forms that are absolutely not characteristic of British English have become increasingly common in American English, such as "I gotta" — an abbreviation of "I got to" (I have to), "I wanna" — an abbreviation of "I want to" (I want to).

Pronunciation differences

The biggest difference between British and American English is precisely in pronunciation and intonation, they tell you which nationality your interlocutor belongs to. As you know, a typical feature of British English is the omission of the sound [r] after a vowel.

If you just need to pronounce or at least hint at the pronunciation of this sound in words such as "girl" or "part", then you adhere to the American version of pronunciation. In addition, British English as a whole is characterized by long vowels, which are abbreviated in the American version, it is this feature of the pronunciation of words that makes British English so aristocratic.

Another interesting example is the disappearance of the sound [j] in American English in words such as "tune", "tuesday", which makes these words sound like "toon", "toosday", whereas in British English the sound [j] is preserved.

2.2 Conclusion

Summing up, I can say that on the one hand, the British version can be considered classic, but on the other hand, there are much more native speakers of American English, which gives us greater freedom of communication.

2.3 Conclusion on the work

In fact, there is no big difference in which language you will study, because native speakers of both languages understand each other perfectly, which means they will understand you, so without a doubt just learn English, and British and American teachers of EnglishDom will easily correct it to the level you need. Good luck!

List of used sources and literature

Ананьева Л.Г., Саржина Е.М. Практическая грамматика английского языка.

Синтаксис. – Томск: Изд-во ТГПУ, 2003. - 76 с.

Антрушина Г.Б. Лексикология английского языка: Учебное пособие. – М.: Высшая школа, 1985. – 251 с.

Аракин В.Д. История английского языка: Учебное пособие. – М.: Высшая школа, 1985. – 158 с.

Арбекова Т.И. Лексикология английского языка (практический курс). - М.: Высшая школа, 1977. - 228 с.

Арбекова Т.И. Лексикология английского языка.– М.: Высшая школа, 1977. – 193 с.

И.В. Стилистика современного английского языка. - Ленинград, 1981. - 167 с.

Арнольд Богацкий И.С. Бизнес-курс английского языка. Словарь-справочник. – Киев: Логос-М, 2006. – 352 с.

Заботкина В.И. Новая лексика современного английского языка: Учебное пособие. – М.: Высшая школа, 1999. - 124 с.

Комиссаров В.Н. Слово о переводе. – М.: Международные отношения, 1973. - 214 с.

Мюллер В.К. Новый англо-русский словарь: около 200 000 слов и словосочетаний. – М.: Русский язык-медиа, 2007. – 945 с

Нестерчук Г.В. США и Американцы. – М.: Высшая школа, 1997. - 238 с.

Томахин Г.Д. Америка через американизмы. - М.: ВШ, 1982. - 219 с.

Томахин Г.Д. Реалии - американизмы. - М.: ВШ, 1988, - 187 с.

Швейцер А.Д. Литературный английский язык в США и Англии. – М.: Высшая школа, 1971, - 200 с.

Швейцер А.Д. Очерк современного английского языка в США. – М.: Высшая школа, 1963, - 215 с.

Alexander L.G. Longman English Grammar Practice for Intermediate Students. – Edinburg: Longman, 2001. – 296 p.

Allan Metcalf. How We Talk, American Regional English Today. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000.

Ann Cock. American Accent Training. Barron's 2000.

Bill Bryson. Made in America. BCA, 1994.

Collins. Russian-English Dictionary. – М., 1996 – 573 с.

Kenneth O. Morgan. The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain. Oxford University Press, 1993.

Murphy R. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University press, 1994.

Hoad T.F. The Coincise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford University Press, 1993

Strunck Jr. E.B. White. The Elements of Style. Longman, 2000.
Интерет ресурсы:

https://interactive-plus.ru/ru/article/80070/discussion_platform

http://english-lessons-online.ru/teoriya/pravila-pravopisaniya/razlichiya-v-orfografii

https://preply.com/blog/2014/12/09/grammaticheskie-razlichiya-amerikanskogo-i-britanskogo-anglijskogo/

https://preply.com/blog/2014/12/09/grammaticheskie-razlichiya-amerikanskogo-i-britanskogo-anglijskogo/

Appendix 1.

A Concise Dictionary of the Most Common Words in British and American English

Appendix 2

Tasks for the practical part

Exercise 1

Which of the following words are in American English and which are in British English? Can you provide a second spelling?

Example: AE — mustache : BE — moustache

airplane, cheque, theatre, tyre, defense, woolen, pajamas, gaol

Exercise 2

From the list below, choose pairs of words that have the same meaning and assign them to American or British English.

Example: AE — cookie = BE — biscuit

Exercise 3

For whom (American or British) are the following sentences more typical?

You know something? - Do you know something?

Looking for him? - Are you looking for him?

Got a problem? - Do you have a problem?

Ever been in London?- Have you ever been in London?

I wanna know this story.- I want to know this story.

They gotta a hudge house. - They have got a hudge house.