XVIII Международный конкурс научно-исследовательских и творческих работ учащихся

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Study of the properties of the composition obtained based on mixtures of polyvinyl chloride and ethylene-propylene copolymers

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Zeynallı Fatima Zaur 1

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1Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University Baku, AZ1010, Azerbaijan, 20 Azadlig Avenue

Shixaliyev Kerem Sefi 1

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1Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University Baku, AZ1010, Azerbaijan, 20 Azadlig Avenue

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Abstract

The properties of mixtures and vulcanizates of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and ethylene-propylene elastomers (SKEPT-40) with functional group polymers have been studied and it appears that the effectiveness of the application of functional group polymers (FQP) is characterized by the improvement of the complex properties of vulcanizates. As shown, among the FQP, the industrial scale production of PVC and the low cost of its use in the purchase of rubber mixtures based on SKEPT have been developed. In this regard, new composition mixtures were obtained by replacing the main polymers in rubber mixtures with 5÷30 mass parts of PVC based on SKEPT. The physical and mechanical properties of their technological and vulcanizates were studied. Experiments show that the sol-fraction and durability of vulcanizate in gasoline, gasoline-benzene (3:1) mixture, and metaxylol decrease with the increase of PVC content.

The reduction of the sol-fraction of the vulcanizate can be explained by the low swelling of PVC in the above-mentioned solvents. Therefore, the vulcanizate based on the SKEPT PVC mixture has a higher resistance to oil and gasoline than the vulcanizate based on unmodified SKEPT. It is learned that 10 mass. h to SKEPT. When PVC is included, the degree of swelling of the vulcanizate is reduced by 20% in gasoline, in the mixture of gasoline-benzene (3:1), M-xylene, and ", Avtol" oil, compared to the vulcanizate based on SKEPT. 30 c.h. and when included, the degree of swelling of the vulcanizate decreases by 2.7 times in gasoline, 2.3 times in gasoline-benzene (3:1) mixture, and 3.2 times in "Avtol-10" oil

Keywords: Vulcanization, modification, composition, rubber, structural changes, physical-mechanical property, elasticity, fire resistance

.INTRODUCTION

Preparation of rubbers based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and ethylene-propylene elastomers (SKEPT-40) is of great industrial importance today [1-5]/Compositions based on elastomers with high unsaturation have low durability against atmospheric and ozone effects. A large amount of anti-aging agents are added to these mixtures to increase the stability of the compositions to the atmosphere and ozone[6-9]. These chemicals have a high cost and harmful effect and do not fully protect composite materials from atmospheric and ozone effects during operation[10-13]. remains [14-16].

METHODOLOGYOGYA

To determine the nature of the interaction of the polymer components in the SKEPT PVC mixture, the IR spectrum of the model mixture was studied. It has been shown that extracting a mechanical mixture of SKEPT with PVC with dichloroethane completely washes out the PVC added to the mixture. It has been proven that. Only after the thermal effect, the connection of SKEPT with PVC is established. Therefore, SKEPT is subjected to temperature effects according to the vulcanization mode of the PVC model system (at 153oC for 30 and 60 minutes). This mixture is extracted with a selective solvent, dichloroethane, to determine the extent of SKEPT's interaction with PVC. At this point, PVC that is not in contact with SKEPT is removed. An IR spectrum study of the kept keptixture after extraction showed the following:

a) 860, 1210, 1250, 1620, 1710, 3200-3600 cm-1 absorption fields are observed;

b) 980, 1050, 1100, and m-1 absorption areas are strengthened;

v) Weakening of the 720 cm-1 absorption area The disappearance of the SKEPT absorption area indicates the loss of (including) end groups in SKEPT.

After extraction, it shows that the amount of groups in the mixture decreases, and the number of groups increases. PVC alloy has a very high ehighlytive coating and considerable activation energy of flow (figures 1 and 2). The effective viscosity of PVC is an order of magnitude higher than that of SKEPT alloy. When PVC is added to the mixture in the form of plplasticatingthe viscosity of the SKEPT-PVC mixture decreases by one order of magnitude according to the viscosity of SKEPT, and two orders of magnitude according to the viscosity of PVC (figures 3 and 4).

Incorporation of PVC plplasticsnto SKEPT significantly improves the rheological properties of these blends, indicating improved miscibility of SKEPT with PVC, which is generally based on blends.

leads to the improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of the compositions. The activation energy KC/mol of the viscous flow of the above-mentioned mixtures can be taken into account: for PVC-204; SKEPT-40; SKEPT: PVC (70:30)-55.6; For SKEPT:PVX: DBF (60:26:14) it is equal to 66.

Based on SKEPT, compositions are resistant to oil, gasoline, etc. to improve its properties, 40% by mass of PVC plastic (PVX-65, DBF-35% by mass) is added to SKEPT.

Oligotetraacrylates are poorly mixed in the indicated mixtures, which is explained by their chemical structure and low similarity to the polymers of the mixture. DBF and DOF are selective plasticizers for PVC, so they ensure a more uniform distribution of it in the elastomeric phase of the mixture (426).

Multi-component SKEPT, a mixture of technical carbon and PVC, was developed at a temperature range of 100÷170°C. The decrease in the durability indicators of the compositions prepared at 100°C is explained by the agglomeration of the PVC particles in the mixture, due to the different softening temperatures of SKEPT and PVC.

therefore, it was proposed to prepare the filled compositions based on SKEthe PT-PVC mixture at temperatures above 130°C. The choice of vulcanization temperature of forest compositions is also very important. During vulcanization at temperatures higher than 153°C, the release of hydrogen chloride is observed, the porosity of products made from these compositions increases, and their properties deteriorate. As a result of increasing the amount of PVC in the mixture from 5 to 30% by mass, i.e. by 6 times, the amount of chlorine combined with the elastomer increases by 2 times. Therefore, it is suggested that the amount of PVC in SKEPT-PVC mixtures should be 5-10% by mass.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The structural changes of PVC macromolecules during processing, the formation of the absorption area at 860 cm-1, and the strengthening of the area at 3030 cm-1 indicate the formation of a connection between PVC and SKEPT. The physical and mechanical properties of SKEPT/PVC mixtures were also studied and the obtained results are given in Table 1

Table 1

Physicphysico-mechanicalrties of SKEPT/PVC blends

The onset temperature of decomposition of SKEPT PVC (80:20) mixtures is -380oC, and that of SKEPT alone is -360oC. The half-decomposition temperatures are -440oC and 425oC, respectively. The non-combustible residue of the SKEPT PVC (80:20) mixture at 500oC is (10-12)% by mass.

Experiments show that as the amount of chlorine associated with SKEPT increases, so does the amount of unburned residue. At this time, the thermal stability of the mixtures increases, and the rate of mass loss in these mixtures decreases (table 1).

The suggestion of PVC as the most suitable functional industrial polymer in polymer blends suggests that it is important to overcome several drawbacks of these blends.

As shown above, since PVC has a higher viscosity and molecular weight than rubbers, the vulcanizates of mixtures where it is used more than 5 c.h. are hard, generate more heat, and have less flexibility than rubber vulcanizates.

Plastisol was obtained by pre-swelling polyvinyl chloride in a plasticizer - di-butyl phthalate (DBF) for 1-2 hours. 100 c.h. PVC has been shown to dissolve in 20-50 parts by mass of DBF.

Viscosity properties of the SKEPT-PVC mixture with up to 40% PVC-plastisol inclusion were studied (Figures 1 and 2). It is shown that SKEPT PVC mixtures are characterized by non-Newtonian flow at all ratios studied.

Research has shown that at 200oC, the structuring process begins in PVC. At 180oC, the structuring process does not occur and constant consumption rates are observed in the capillary-viscometer. The effective viscosity of alloys at different temperatures was studied depending on the amount of PVC in the mixture.

The dependence of the effective viscosity on the amount of PVC in the mixture was studied.

It has been shown that because PVC is in the form of a separate dispersed phase in the SKEPT PVC mixture, these mixtures are observed to be in a state of flow viscosity even at 100-150oC.

However, PVC does not flow in this temperature range. In this regard, more homogeneous and technologically well-mixed SKEPT PVC mixtures can be prepared even at 150oC.

IV. CONCLUSION

The study of the physical and mechanical properties of vulcanizates of SKEPT:PVX: DBF mixtures showed that their resistance to oil and gasoline is higher than the resistance of vulcanizates based on SKEPT. The swelling of vulcanizates of the studied mixtures is 2.7 times lower in gasoline, 2.3 times lower in a gasoline-benzene mixture (3:1), and 3.2 times lower in "Avtol-10" oil.

One of the properties limiting the use of rubbers based on ethylene-propylene rubbers is related to their improved resistance to oil and gasoline.

Thus, it is shown that the improvement of the joint placement in the SKEPT: PVC system also leads to the improvement of the basic properties of the mixture. The results obtained from the studies are shown in the flow curves with the dependence of the speed of friction on the tension of friction. For comparison, the same characteristic indicators were obtained for PVC and SKEPT at 100-150 C.

Experience shows that when polyvinyl chloride plastisol is used, the viscosity of the SKEPT PVC mixture is reduced by one time compared to the viscosity of SKEPT, and 2 times compared to the viscosity of PVC.

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