XVIII Международный конкурс научно-исследовательских и творческих работ учащихся
Старт в науке
Research and application of the process of modifying oil road bitumen with polymers for use as a binder
Автор работы награжден дипломом победителя III степени
Полная версия работы доступна во вкладке "Файлы работы" в формате PDF
Introduction
Our literature studies have shown that to use petroleum bitumen as a binder, it is necessary to modify it with polymers. [1-4]
Currently, the demand for oil and road bitumen is growing, which makes it necessary to improve the properties of asphalt concrete materials. The main component in road construction is bitumen. The properties of bitumen can be improved by modifying them with polymers [5-8]. Thermoplastics are the most widely used polymers used to modify bitumen.[9-12]
Modification of bitumen with synthetic polymers for asphalt coatings is a popular practice on a global scale. This modification helps to improve certain engineering properties of bituminous binders, such as rheological properties [13-16]. An important and critical research topic for polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) is its relationship to the rheological properties of the PMB microstructure to ensure its high performance. This is related to another fundamental research question, namely, how the morphology of PMB arises under different conditions. These topics have been intensively studied by researchers over the years [17-18], [19-222]bituminous modifiers are a complex process that usually involves the dispersion and swelling of the modifier and the phase evolution of the mixture [23-26]. [27—30].
Methods
In the laboratory, the solid state for the preparation of modified bitumen
bitumen is heated in an electric furnace to a liquid state for 20 minutes. The maximum heating temperature of bitumen should not exceed 160 ° C. This is due to the rapid aging of bitumen at high temperatures, which worsens the properties of the polymer item composition obtained from it. Preheated plasticizer resin is added to the heated bitumen. An electric mixer with a rotational speed of 1200 rpm is connected to the system. . . After the polymer is added, the mixture is heated to 160 ° C with continuous stirring for 1.5-2.5 hours and then the heating is stopped, and the mixture is cooled to 140 ° C.
As a result of the above operations, we obtain a polymer-tumen binder (PBSBS-modified field composition samples prepared in the laboratory with a high-cutting mixer.
2. Resultand disscusion
2.1 Recipe and technology of bitumen preparation
As a result of the research, three recipes for the preparation of PMB were developed. Quantitative ratios of components in the mixture were prepared based on the normalized amount of polymers and plasticizers, as well as the adhesive additive. Important economic criteria were taken into account when compiling the recipe:
1. Temperature regime and duration of bitumen modification; 2. Availability and low cost of components.
The main properties of the bitumen "Baku 85/25" I used were determined and the results are given in Table 1.
Table 1
Basic properties of "Baku 85/25" bitumens and Discussions
|
basic properties |
Baku 85/25" bitumens |
|
25°C - also the depth of penetration of the needle into the sample, mm / 10 |
84 |
|
Bitumen softening temperature by "KvaSh" method °C |
39 |
|
Extension, sm |
68 |
|
Fraas görə kövrəklik istiliyi , °C |
-9 |
The following recipe was used based on SBS rubber, which we used to modify petroleum bitumen (Table 2)
Table 2
The composition of the polymer-bitumen composition
|
Components of the composition |
Quantity of components according to samples, mass fraction |
||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
|
|
SBS rubber |
- |
2,5 |
3,5 |
4,5 |
5 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|
PİR (PİR -3) Bitiumin |
- 100 |
1 97,5 |
1 96,5 |
1 95,5 |
1 95 |
1 93 |
1 92 |
1 91 |
1 90 |
|
talk |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
|
Taken from the Guzdek quarry, the particle size is close to the size of a mint |
-150 |
109- |
79 |
74 |
69 |
71 |
65 |
57 |
|
|
High molecular weight oil |
- |
- |
- |
- |
9 |
11 |
10 |
16 |
19 |
|
The mixing temperature of components in the mixer, °C |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
160 |
|
Mixing time, min |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
20 |
The composition was prepared based on Table .2 and the main properties of the composition were determined and the results are reflected in Table .3.
Table 3
Basic properties of polymer-bitumen composition
|
The name of the indicators |
Indicators on samples |
||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
Prototype |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
|
|
Conditional strength in fracture, MPa |
6,5 |
9,2 |
6,0 |
6,9 |
It breaks without a load |
6,0 |
9,0 |
6,0 |
8,5 |
|
Conditional strength in fracture,% |
770 |
956 |
909 |
790 |
- |
910 |
930 |
790 |
860 |
|
Shore A hardness, |
59 |
54 |
45 |
48 |
20 |
45 |
47 |
39 |
42 |
|
alloy flow index(AFİ) Т=190 °C, Р=49 Н, gr/10 min |
27 |
29 |
38 |
39 |
100 |
34 |
37 |
33 |
29 |
The properties of primary bitumen and after modification were studied (Table .4)
Table .4
Basic properties of primary bitumen and modified bitumen
|
The name of the indicators |
My first bitumen |
modified bitumen |
||
|
For example. 6 |
For example. 7 |
For example. 8 |
||
|
Depth of needle penetration into the sample at 25 ° C, mm / 10 |
66 |
40 |
36 |
27 |
|
according to the ring and ball method ° C |
55 |
102 |
98 |
91 |
|
Stretching, see |
67 |
56 |
49 |
36 |
|
The softening temperature on Faars, ° C |
-0 |
-19 |
-15 |
11 |
Fraas refers to the temperature of brittleness - the temperature at which the first crack in the sheet is formed by a thin layer of bitumen on a flat steel sheet as the temperature drops.
For application in production conditions, we used a well-known technology to prepare crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete based on Table 3 and studied their physical and mechanical properties. The data obtained are shown in Table 5
table 5
Physical and mechanical properties of asphalt polymer concrete mix table 5.
|
№ |
basic properties |
ГОСТ 31015-2002 according to the norm |
0 % |
0,1 % |
0,2 % |
0,3 % |
0,5 % |
|
SBS |
|||||||
|
1 |
Density (volumetric mass), g / sm3 |
- |
2,39 |
2,40 |
2,40 |
2,41 |
2,41 |
|
2 |
Residual porosity,% |
2,0–4,0 |
3,761 |
3,358 |
3,358 |
2,956 |
2,956 |
|
3 |
Водонасыщение, % по объему |
1,5–4,0 |
2,82 |
2,33 |
2,23 |
2,16 |
2,01 |
|
4. |
Compressive strength, MPa at temperature: 20 °C 50°C |
- 2,5-0,70 |
3,29 0,75 |
3,52 0,87 |
3,67 1,00 |
3,99 1,11 |
4,12 1,12 |
|
5. |
Water resistance coefficient |
- |
0,86 |
0,92 |
0,94 |
0,95 |
0,97 |
|
6. |
Water resistance coefficient for long-term water saturation (15 days) |
0,75 |
0,79 |
0,86 |
0,88 |
0,91 |
0,92 |
|
7. |
Crack resistance - ultimate tensile strength at a split at a temperature of 0 ° C, MPa |
3,0 – 6,5 |
3,48 |
3,82 |
3,99 |
4,21 |
4,16 |
|
8. |
Coefficient of internal friction tg |
0,94 |
0,89 |
0,90 |
0,92 |
0,92 |
0,91 |
|
9. |
hear adhesion at 50 °C, MPa |
0,20 |
0,18 |
0,33 |
0,57 |
0,60 |
0,65 |
|
10. |
Binder runoff index,% |
0,20 |
0,24 |
0,19 |
0,18 |
0,15 |
0,13 |
To improve the mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete mixture, the effect of the solidity of the mixture was determined by adding mineral dust nanoparticles formed in quarries to the mixture. Studies have shown that the miner owner plays the role of a structural bitumen additive in the monolithic compaction of crushed asphalt concrete and sand grains.
The use of activated mineral powder in the production of asphalt concrete mixture allows to reduce the heating temperature of the mixture by 10-20 ° C without reducing the quality, and the service life of asphalt concrete pavements using activated mineral powders is on average 4-5 years longer than that of inactivated mineral powders. Results are given in Table 6
table 6
Physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete composition for the road surface.
|
The name of the indicators |
results obtained |
|||||
|
ГОСТ 31015-2002 according to the norm |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
Density (and weight), g/cm3 |
not normalized |
2,38 |
2,39 |
2,395 |
2,406 |
2,410 |
|
Ultimate compressive hardness, MPa At 200С At 500С |
Not less than 2.5 Not less than 0.7 |
3,51 0,72 |
4,08 0,78 |
4,26 0,85 |
4,59 0,89 |
4,72 0,92 |
|
Cracking strength Tensile shear strength, MPa At 00С |
Should not be less than 0.20 |
0,20 |
0,32 |
0,55 |
0,59 |
0,63 |
|
Water system,% |
1,5-4,0 |
3,07 |
2,68 |
2,52 |
2,33 |
2,05 |
|
Water resistance |
not normalized |
0,85 |
0,89 |
0,90 |
0,92 |
0,94 |
|
Water resistance must be maintained with prolonged exposure to water (15 weeks). |
, It should not be more than 0, 70 |
0,83 |
0,84 |
0,87 |
0,89 |
0,91 |
|
Internal abrasion coefficient |
It should not be more than 0,94- |
|||||
|
Polymer Flow Index 10/ minutes |
It should not be more than 0,20 |
0,20 |
0,19 |
0,15 |
0,13 |
0,12 |
|
Residual porosity % |
2,0-4,0 |
3,64 |
3,57 |
3,13 |
2,46 |
1,83 |
Results
The results show that the penetration of the prepared sample is 1.4 times higher than the standard, and the elasticity is 4 times higher.
Based on the results obtained, it was proposed to use polymer-modified "Baku 85/25" bitumen in the preparation of the asphalt-concrete mix.
As a result of our research work, a new processing technology for ecological neutralization of obsolete polymer products was developed, polymer grindings of 0.16-0.18 mm were obtained, and "Baku 85/25" brand bitumen was modified with this polymer grinding.
Thus, the most important environmental problem has been solved and very valuable raw materials have been obtained. Due to the very low physical and mechanical properties of petroleum road bitumens, asphalts laid on them deteriorate quickly and cannot withstand the conditions of operation. In this work, we have tried to apply the recently synthesized, relatively inexpensive SBS rubber to the industry by modifying the bitumen produced at the Baku refinery.
As a result of our research, a recipe for a polymer-bitumen-based polymer asphalt concrete mix was developed and proposed for industrial use.
References
[1] Al-Mosawi, A.I., Hashim, A.A. and Al-Maamori, M.H. (2019) Production of High-Performance Mountings by Using Rubber-Polymer Waste. Open Access LibraryJournal,6, 1-6.https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1105368
[2]. Al-Maamori, M.H. and Al-Mosawi, A.I. (2018) Polymers and Composite Materials Technology. Dar Safa for Publishing and Distributing, Al-Maamori, M.H., Al-Mosawi, A.I. and Abdulsada, S.A. (2018) Effect of Novolac Nanoparticles Additions on Specific Gravity of NBR/CR Blends. MATEC Web ofConferences,178, Article ID: 04001.https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817804001
[3]. Ahmad, I., and Abdullah, I. (2017) Mechanical Properties of Epoxy/ Rubber Blends, In Parameswaranpillai,
[4].Abou-Helal M.O., El-Sabbagh S.H.(2005)Study on the Compatibility of NR-EPDM Blends Using Electrical and Mechanical Techniques.Journal of Elastomers and Plastics.No. 4.рp.319-346
[5].Amirov Fariz. Shixaliyev Kerem. (2020).Properties of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE). Volume-9 Issue-9,рр348-352
[6]. Belov N.A., Safronov A.P., Yu.P. Yampolsky(2012).Reverse gas chromatography and thermodynamics of sorption in polymers.High-molecular compounds.No 11.рp.1631-1647
[7]. Bundjali B., Yudistira I., JAriah B, Sukria L.(2007).Study on properties of Polymer Blends from Polypropylene with Polycaprolactone and their Biodegradability. Polymer Journal, Vol.39, No.12.-pp.1337 -1344
[8].Ermilova EA, Sizova AA, Ilyicheva NN, Pleshakov DV.(2014).Study of thermodynamic compatibility of a three-component mixture of nitramines with a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid. / Advances in chemistry and chemical technology.No. 2.-p. 65-67.
[9].Klyuchnikov I. O., Klyuchnikov O. R., Stoyanov O. V.(2015).Bulletin of Kazan Technological University.№4 pр.224 – 225
[10].Kuleznev V.N., Surikov P.V.(2012).Phase equilibria in three-component polymer blends / High molecular weight compounds.No. 11. pр. 1602-1609
[11]. Kirsh I.A., Pomogova D.A. (2012).Study of the properties of secondary polymer materials based on polypropylene and polyethyleneterephtalat, obtained in the influence of ultrasonic vibrations on the polymer melts. - Moscow, Plastic masses, No. 1, pp. 48-51.
[12] Kurbanova N.I. (2008). Heatelastolastics are based on polypropylene and tri-ethylene-propylene copolymers. Azerbaijan chemistry, - No. 1, P. 57–59.No. 4.рp. 69-72
[13]. Kerem Shikhaliyev. (2020). Paint and Varnish Materials Based on Epoxy Novolac oligomers Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems. Vol. 12, Special Issue-02,рр 351-358.
[14].Kaganovich E.V. Polymer modifiers of bitumen and asphalt concrete / E.V. Kaganovich, I.I. Kartseva, G.G. Izmailova // Bulletin of KazdorNII. - 2004. - No. 1 (2). - S. 44 - 47.
[15]. Kemal A.F. Bitumen-polymer binders for road construction / A.F. Kemalov, T.F. Ganieva, R.Z. Fakhrutdinov // Science and technology in the road industry. - 2001. - No. 4. - S. 27 - 28.
[16]. King G.N. Properties of polymer-bitumen binders and test methods developed in the USA Materials and structures. - 2004. - S. 16 - 27.
.[17]. Khudyakova T.S. Features of the structure and properties of bitumen modified with polymers / T.S. Khudyakova, A.F. Masyuk, V.N. Kalinin // Road equipment. - 2003. - No. 7. - P. 174 – 181
[18]. Ryzhikova, I.G., Volkov, A.M., Bauman, N.A., Kazakov, Yu.M., and Wolfson, C.B.(2015).Study of the physicomechanical properties of pp/skype mixtures modified with peroxide and peroxide / tempt system - Bulletin of the Technological University. No. 4.-p.134-137
[19].Rijhikova I.G., Volkov A.M.(2013). Modification feature of binary mixtures PP / SKEP by the system of organic peroxide-polyfunctional vinyl monomer in the reaction extrusion process. Plastic masses.8.рp.40–45.
[20].Shixaliyev K.S (1998)Prospects for the development of production of ethylene-propylene rubber Production and use of elastomers.No1.рр.53-54
[21]. Shixaliyev K.S (2021)Method of Group Decision Making for Production Planning oftheOilRefinery Plant Indian Journal of comрuter Graрhicsand Multimedia(LJCGM) Volume-1,Volume-1 Issue-2,August2021ISSUL-2Angust 2021рр. 1-5
[22]. Sabbagh S.H.(2001).Compatibility Study of Natural Rubber and Ethylene – Propylene – Diene Rubber Blends / Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.рp. 2-11
[23].Serenko O.A., Goncharuk G.P.(2007).Effect of temperature on the deformation behavior of a composite based on polypropylene and rubber particles // High Molecular Compound. No.1.рр71-78.
[24].Shatin D.A., Wolfson S.I., Makarov T.V.(2010).Influence of modification of triple ethylene-propylene rubber on the physicomechanical properties of rubbers.Vestnik of Kazan Technological University.№4.рp.5-7
[25].Murtaza L.I., Garifullin A.R., Nikultsev I.A(2014). Influence of plastification on the property of unhardened hermetic based on ethylene-propylene-diene rubber. Engineer-chemist’s encyclopedia, No. 8, pp. 31–35
[26].Turaev ER, Beknazarov Kh.S., Akhmedov UK, Dzhalilov AT.(2018).Interphase interactions of three-phase polypropylene composite materials.Universum. Technical sciences .№12.рp.57 -65
[27].Nueva EK.(2012). Production and scope of ethylene-propylene rubbers SKEPT.Bulletin of Kazan Technological University.рp129-131
[28].Derikov I.Ya., Kutergina I.Yu. (2014). Stable nonequilibrium composites based on liquid crystalline polymers and cadmium selenide nanoparticles High Molecular Compounds.No4, pp. 408-418.
[29].Zaikin AE, Bobrov GB (2012).Compatibilization of mixtures of incompatible polymers by filling High-molecular compounds.№8.рp. 1275-1282
[30].Zolotarev V.A. Bitumens modified with SBS type polymer: features of composition,
Shixaliyev Kerem SeyfiDoctorofTechnicalSciences
,Professor-AcademicianoftheEuropeanAcademyofNaturalSciencesProfessor,
Department of Organic Substances and Technology of Macromolecular CompoundsAzerbaijanStateOil andIndustry University,Baku,Azerbaijan
author of 400 scientific articles, 30 textbooks and study guides, 25
discoveries and more than 15 monographs