XIX Международный конкурс научно-исследовательских и творческих работ учащихся
Старт в науке
Легенды нашей Победы
Автор работы награжден дипломом победителя II степени
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INTRODUCTION
The Great Patriotic War is the greatest and most tragic event in the modern history of Russia, a chronicle of unparalleled courage and dedication. In the heat of this war, in the flames of its fires, real legends were born, which became symbols of the Great War and the Great Victory.
That is whywe chose this topic for our project, this topic has always been and will be important and actual to us. This is our national treasure, our common memory, which we must preserve for posterity.
The subject for the study of our project is the collection of medals "Legends of our Victory".
The purpose of our project is to find out what events these medals are dedicated to.
The Project aim is :1.To reveal the role of symbols in the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War on the basis of the numismatic collection of medals "Legends of Our Victory", issued by the Imperial Mint in honor of the 75th anniversary of the Victory.
2.To promote the disclosure and realization of creative opportunities of students, taking into account their interests and the promotion of research and project activities in the knowledge of foreign languages among classmates.
Project tasks are: 1. Systematization of information about the symbols of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War.
2. Registration of the results of the work with the possibility of their further use in the form of a Central Research Center.
3. Mastering the skills of search and project activities.
4. To promote the disclosure and realization of creative opportunities of students, taking into account their interests and the promotion of research and project activities in the knowledge of foreign languages among classmates.
The result of our project is the creation of a poster advertisement.
THE MAIN PART
Last year our family bought an unique collection of medals “Legends
of Our Victory”, issued by the Imperial Mint in honor of the 75th
Anniversary of the Victory and we decided to find out, what events these
medals are dedicated to.
These valuable medals are a reminder of the events in the Great
Patriotic War. These medals are a tribute to the memory of hundreds
оf thousands of soldiers and civilians who gave their lives for the
liberation of the country. These medals should be in every family so that
we can keep the memory of it forever! A memory preserved for generations!
In the heat of the Great Patriotic War, in the flames of fires, real
legends were born, which became symbols of the Great War... and of the
Great Victory.
In these chronicles there are the names of the greatest battles, there
are songs, from which even now tears come to the eyes and take one's
breath away. They are our national treasure, our common memory,
which we must preserve for posterity.
These chronicles are inscribed with the golden letters in the annals of
the Great Patriotic War: the names of brilliant designers, talented
engineers, scientists and artists, the names of the greatest battles, which
have no analogues in world history, songs that even now bring tears to
peoples’ eyes and take their breath away. Each of the pages of these
chronicles is filled with inexhaustible faith and the desire for Victory,
arouses our admiration and pride. This is our national treasure, our
common memory, which we must preserve for posterity.
Thousand years of our history Fatherland forever captured many
memorable significant dates. But the most precious and sacred is the
Victory Day.
The Great Patriotic War was the hardest of all wars in world
history. It was on huge territories - from the Barents to Black
Seas. Tens of millions of people participated in it, and the victory required
an enormous effort of all physical and spiritual forces. And therefore, by
right, this Victory is called the Great.
75 years of the Great Victory Day is the brightest, most joyful and at
the same time the saddest holiday. For each of us it is a memory of the
dead and gratitude to the living. This is the day of national glory for all
those who worked in the rear, fought shoulder to shoulder on the fronts of
the Great Patriotic War for the bright future of their descendants. This is a
holiday that unites us, allowing us to feel like a single great nation with a
heroic history.Our Victory in the Great Patriotic War is the most important holiday for all citizens of our country.
THE MEDAL ”GET UP, THE COUNTRY IS HUGE”
Today I am proud to present to your attention the first issue of the
collection “Legends of our Victory” - a medal: “Get up, the
country is huge.” It is dedicated to the song “The Holy War”, which
became a national anthem during the Great Patriotic War, gained mass
popularity and maintained high morale in the troops, especially in
heavy defensive battles. And now, almost eighty years later, “The
Holy War” is known to everyone and is a symbol of our Victory.
“It's time to approach the creation of a song with a heartfelt thrill,
with a hot soul. This is the only way to create songs, because a song is,
first of all, an excited speech,” said the author of the words to the song
“The Holy War’ V.I. Lebedev - Kumatch.
With such an excited speech echoing in the hearts of millions of
compatriots, and the first song of the Victory, which was still a long
and difficult four years away, was the “ The Holy War”.
On June 24, 1941, the newspapers “ Izvestia” and “Krasnaya Zvezda’’
published a poem by V. I. Lebedev - Kumatch. It began with the words:
“Get up, the country is huge, get up for a mortal battle...” On the same
day it was recited on the radio by the famous actor of the Maly Theater
Alexander Ostuzhev. The poem made a strong impression on the head
of the Red Banner Song and Dance Ensemble of the Red Armin A.V.
Alexandrov, and next day he wrote music for it. Later Alexandrov wrote:
” I have never been a military man, but I still had a powerful weapon
in my hands, this is a song. “
On January 3, 1941, at the Belorussky railway station one of the
groups of the Red Banner Ensemble of the Red Army Song and Dance
of the USSR performed the song “ The Holy War” for the first time.
Again and again - five times in a row! - the ensemble sang “The
Holy War”.
“The Holy War” was not widely performed, since it was believed
That it had an excessively tragic sound: it was sung not about an
imminent victory with “little blood”, but about a difficult mortal battle.
“The Holy War” began to sound daily on the All – Union radio - every
morning after the battle of the Kremlin chimnes.
“The Holy War” was adopted by our army, by all the people, and
became the musical emblem of the Great Patriotic War.
THE MEDAL “THE VOICE OF VICTORY”
Today I am proud to present to your attention the next issue of
the collection “Legends of our Victory” - the medal “The Voice of
Victory.” It is dedicated to Yuri Borisovich Levitan, who became the
voice of an entire epoch in the history of the country.
“Attention, Moscow is speaking!” - with these words, Yuri Levitan
during the Great Patriotic War began to read out on the radio all the
orders of Joseph Stalin, government statements, the most important
reports of the Soviet Information Bureau .
For the front – line soldiers, Levitan was like an entire division
that came to the rescue at the most important moment of the battle!
Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky spoke about him: “It is not
surprising that Yuri Levitan was officially recognized as the number
one enemy of the Hitler Reich. The Fuhrer promised a reward of
250 thousand Reichsmarks for his head. Two services - the Abwehr
and the SS - immediately began to develop an operation to capture
Levitan.
After the war, a curious document was discovered in the archives
stored in the DDR: a written order from the Reich Propaganda
Minister Goebbels, in which he wrote with his own hand: “Moscow
radio should be silenced. Together with the Kremlin, the Mausoleum,
the Bolshoi Theater, the Central Telegraph, railway stations, power
plants and other strategic objects of Moscow.”
In the autumn of 1941, Levitan was evacuated to Sverdlovsk (now
Yekaterinburg) together with the announcer Olga Sergeevna Vysotskaya.
Broadcasting from the capital by this time had become technically
impossible - all the radio towers near Moscow were dismantled,
as they were good landmarks for German bombers. The Ural studio
was located in the basement, the announcer himself lived in a barrack
near under conditions of complete secrecy.
Information for radio releases was received by phone from Moscow.
From the studio, the signal went via cable to a repeater (in those years,
the most powerful in the country) located in the area of Lake Shartash,
and dozens of broadcast stations across the country did not allow
to locate the head radio node. Information about the speaker's stay in
Sverdlovsk was declassified only a quarter of a year later.
In March 1943 Yuri Levitan was secretly transferred to Kuibyshev
(now Samara), where the Soviet radio committee was already located.
And later he returned to Moscow.
There is a well – known anecdote that was in circulation during
the Great Patriotic War: Stalin is asked: “Joseph Vissarionovich, when
will the war end?”. - “But when Levitan announces - then it will end!”.
On May 9, 1945, at 21:55, Levitan read on the air the text about
the Victory over Nazi Germany:
"Attention! Moscow speaks! All the radio stations of the Soviet
Union are working! The Great Patriotic War, which was waged
by the Soviet people against the Nazi invaders, has been victoriously
completed. Fascist Germany has been completely defeated!"
After the war, Levitan continued to work on the radio and
retained his status as an announcer for messages of special
national importance. So, in 1953, he informed Soviet
radio listeners about Stalin's death, and in 1961 — about Yuri
Gagarin's flight into space. Levitan's voice became one of the symbols
of the Great Patriotic War and Victory.
THE MEDAL “THE TANK T – 34”
Today I am proud to present to your attention the next issue of
the collection ‘Legends of our Victory’ - the medal “The T – 34 Tank”.
The T – 34 was not as perfect tank as it seemed to the Germans
at that time. But when tanks were used properly, these machines
worked wonders. Tanks appreciated the maneuverability and mobility
of the T - 34, as well as its unique cross – country ability - in autumn
and winter.
The tank made its way where other cars were stuck. The real gift
was a 76 - millimeter gun - in 1941, in dueling situations, the T – 34
had no competitors among the German tanks. The T – 34 really became
one of the main trump cars of the USSR in World War II.
By the end of 1941, the T – 34 had become the main Soviet tank,
playing a key role in all major battles.
Since 1942, “ T-34 Tanks” were produced more than all other Soviet
Tanks combined. During the Moscow winter campaign and later in
Stalingrad the T - 34s were widely used for the first time and pushed
through the defense. It was the 5th Tank Army that broken through to
the rear of Paulus in November 1942, allowing the liberation of
Stalingrad and changing the course of the war. And just a couple of
months later, its success was repeated by the 3rd tank, which staged
a less well - known, but almost as large – scale "cauldron" under Rossosh.
On the Kursk Bulge, Panthers with Tigers invulnerable from afar were
hit by thousands of T - 34s striking at close range from all sides. Such
recognized tank aces as D.F. fought on the T - 34. Lavrinenko (52 destroyed
German tanks in 2.5 months - the best result among Soviet tankers),
V.A.Bochkovsky, N.D.Moseev, K.M. Samokhin, A.F. Burda and others.
The T – 34 is the only model of weapons and military equipment
in the world to which a personal museum complex is dedicated.
And according to the results of the twentieth century, experts from
various countries recognized the Soviet tank T – 34 as a masterpiece
of world tank building.
Being still in service with a number of third world states, in the XXI
century, the thirty - four performs primarily the role of a historical
monument. Some of the surviving cars are memorials to the heroes
of the war, others are exhibits of historical exhibitions. Since these
are not models, but quite real combat vehicles, theoretically some of
them can join the battle after repairing.
THE MEDAL “THE BANNER OF THE VICTORY”
I am proud to present to your attention the following medal
“The Banner of the Victory”. The Victory Banner is a state relic
of Russia, the official symbol of the victory of the Soviet people
and its Armed Forces over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War.
The Banner is an assault flag of 150 of the Order of Kutuzov of the 2nd
degree of the Idritsky Rifle Division. The Banner was hoisted over
the Reichstag in Berlin by Soviet soldiers on May 1, 1945. The tradition
of hoisting assault flags originated during the fighting during the liberation
of settlements. The Reichstag became the last such frontier.
The Red Banner was installed by the valiant sons of the Soviet
people Yegorov M. and Kantaria M. on the dome of the Reichstag.
On May 9, 1945, the Banner was removed and sent to Moscow. Now
the Victory Banner is kept in the Central Museum of the Armed Forces
in Moscow.
After 1945, the Banner was taken out in 1965 — on the occasion
of the 20th anniversary of the Victory. The flag bearers of the
Victory Parade on May 9, 1965 were: Colonel K. Samsonov, Sergeant
M. Egorov, Junior Sergeant M. Kantaria. Until 1965, the original
Victory Banner was displayed in the former museum building. By
1965, an honor guard was attached to the Banner. In 1975, the
Victory Banner was carried in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses
at a solemn meeting dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Victory.
The Victory Banner, hoisted on the night of May 1, 1945
over the Reichstag building, was never taken out to military parades
after 1965. During the celebrations on Red Square in Moscow on
Victory Day, an official copy of the Victory Banner stored in the
Central Museum of the Armed Forces is used. This rule comes out
of the provisions of the law on the Banner of Victory.
During the Victory Day Parade on May 9, 2015, the Victory Banner
was carried in front, and the Russian tricolor — after it. At the
Victory Day Parade on May 9, 2016, the Victory Banner again followed
the Russian national flag.
The Victory Banner can be seen in the paintings of Soviet and
Russian artists: Vakurov I. P. “Victory” (on the Palekh miniature,
the victorious warrior holds the Victory Banner over the dome
of the Reichstag);
Bozhko V. N. ‘Hoisting the Banner of Victory over Berlin”;
Mochalsky D. K . “Victory. Berlin 1945” (1947);
Loginov P., Pamfilov V. E. “Victory Banner’ (the Banner fluttering
on the dome of the Reichstag )
Solomatin G. M. “Zhukov in Berlin”;
Titov V. G. “The Banner of Victory”.
One of the plots of the Soviet feature film directed by Mikhail
Chiaureli “The Fall of Berlin” (1949) is dedicated to the hoisting
of the Victory Banner.
The Banner of the Victory is the official symbol of the victory
of the Soviet people over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic
War of 1941 - 1945. The decree “On the Banner of Victory” was
signed by the President of Russia. The decree regulated its use
and introduced the concept of “the symbol of the Victory Banner”.
CONCLUSION
The theme we have chosen "Legends of our Victory " is very actual
and important now. Symbols have always played an important role in the
history of the country, because it is the most international and timeless
language. We see them every day and roughly know what they mean.
For some the symbols of victory are the defeated Germany and the
Victory of the USSR, for others it is the memory and pain of relatives
and loved ones who died or are still considered missing, for others
it is a tribute to veterans, for the fact that he.
We learned about the war only from history books, films and
stories, from parents and teachers. This topic is so immense that they will
talk about it as long as Planet Earth exists.
In addition to the already listed symbols of Victory, we can name
memorial structures, the Katyusha rocket launcher, soldiers' letters - triangles,
the song “Victory Day”. Almost every city has a Victory Park,
which is dedicated to the feat of our fathers and grandfathers.
There are many symbols of the Victory, they look different, but they
all show the significance of this event for Russia and our people,
help to cultivate a sense of love and respect for the Motherland.
Symbols of Victory show that we remember and are proud of the feat
of our soldiers!
Therefore, the value of the presented commemorative medals is not
limited to investment benefits, not even their collectable status. These
precious medals contain something more: the idea of national treasure that
we must preserve for posterity.
By ordering these medals, we get a privileged right to receive the
next issues of “The Legends of Our Victory “ collection. The circulation of
“ The Legends of Our Victory “ collection is strictly limited. In Russia only
1 out of 5,000 families will be able to receive these valuable medals: the
collection " The Legends of our Victory".
Legendary symbols of the Great Victory on medals covered with pure gold!
In the year of the anniversary of the Great Victory, the medal was minted
as a tribute to the memory of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, who
defended the right of the people to peace and freedom.
Items minted as part of this collection are dedicated to the heroes of our
Fatherland, who accomplished a colossal feat and, at the cost of great efforts, were
able to give humanity freedom and a chance for a peaceful life.
Now we are the happy owners of all the medals of “ The Legends of our Victory.”
Each of these medals causes admiration and pride - this is our national
treasure, our memory, which we must preserve for posterity, preserve the history
of our country and capture important events.
The result of our work is the poster advertising . It can be used both in the
classroom and in extracurricular activities.
List of used literature
1.»Легенды нашей Победы»ООО»Императорский монетный двор»
2.imdvor.ru официальный сайт Императорского монетного двора
3.ru.wikipedia.org.История песни «Вставай,страна огромная!»
4.ru.wikipedia.org. «Голос Победы. Юрий Левитан»
5. .ru.wikipedia.org. «Танк Т-34»
6. .ru.wikipedia.org.Знамя Победы»
Application
MEDAL "GET UP, THE COUNTRY IS HUGE!"
The song "Holy War" Get up, the country is huge, ... Everyone knows these words. The verses for the song that became the anthem of the Great Patriotic War were written on the first day of the war by the Soviet poet Vasily Ivanovich Lebedev-Kumach. Already on June 24, they were published in the newspapers Izvestia and Krasnaya Zvezda. After reading the poems, the composer Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov wrote music for them
The MEDAL "VOICE OF VICTORY"
Yuri Levitan is the voice of the epoch, the voice of war, the voice of Victory, the official voice of the Kremlin. During the war years, he read more than 2,000 front-line reports, which were listened to by people all over the country. His voice–always clear and even–inspired hope. It was he who, on May 9, 1945, read the act of surrender of Germany on the radio.
THE MEDAL "TANK T-34"
T–34 is a legendary Victory tank that went through the entire war, the brainchild of the brilliant Mikhail Koshkin. The design of the tank combined three important characteristics: firepower, protection and mobility. During the war, several tens of thousands of T–34s were produced. Officially, the tank was withdrawn from service only in 1992.
MEDAL "BANNER OF VICTORY"
The Victory Banner is a state relic of Russia, the official symbol of the victory of the Soviet people over nazi Germany.It became the assault flag of the 150th Order of Kutuzov II degree of the Idritsky Rifle Division, hoisted on May 1, 1945 over the Reichstag building.It is kept in the Central Museum of the Armed Forces.
OUR PROJECT IS READY!