XXI Международный конкурс научно-исследовательских и творческих работ учащихся
Старт в науке
«War has passed on life and destiny…» / «Война прошла по жизни и судьбе…» (Пример создания билингвальной книги памяти учителей – ветеранов ВОВ средней общеобразовательной школы пос. Ртищевский Ртищевского района Саратовской области)
Автор работы награжден дипломом победителя I степени
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Introduction
The further away the war is from us, the more we realize the greatness of the national feat. And all the more – the price of victory. The Great Patriotic War supposedly wiped millions of people off the face of the earth. And how many crippled, broken lives! How many unfulfilled happiness, how many unborn children, how many maternal, widowed, orphan tears! How the words of R. Rozhdestvensky sound like a spell:
People,
As long as the hearts are pounding,
Remember!
At what price has happiness been won, –
Please, remember!
The highest price was paid for the Victory — the price of life. The war has left its mark on the fate of every family. Grandfathers and great-grandfathers, grandmothers and great-grandmothers performed their feat every day. And we have no right to betray, forget, allow to distort or belittle the sacrificial feat performed by them in the name of the future, in the name of us.
Through the fate of one person, you can read the history of the Motherland. Without knowing the past of your people, it is impossible to understand the present, and even more so in the future. There are fewer and fewer veterans – heroes of the Great Patriotic War, among them were teachers working at the Ivano-Kulikovskaya secondary school in the Rtischevsky district of the Saratov region (Now this is a secondary school in the village of Rtishchevsky).
Methods of work: search, illustrative, comparative, generalizing.
Relevance of this work:
World events of recent years convince us of the need to restore, preserve and disseminate our history, culture and education to descendants. A teacher is not just a profession, it is a destiny associated with the future - the younger generation, which will continue the work of their fathers. The profession is the most peaceful, because the teacher gives children the light of knowledge, love and warmth of his soul.
In difficult times of war, teachers stood up to defend the Motherland, and those who remained in the rear helped the front with everything they could, not for a minute, without interrupting their sacred duty. Therefore, the teacher’s lesson should teach children, instill in them kindness and mercy, hard work, respect for older people and selfless love for the Fatherland...
Elena Pavlovna Kozlova, a home front worker and primary school teacher at our school, began work to perpetuate the memory of the soldiers of the village of Rtishchevsky. Thanks to her efforts, the Book of Memory of the village of Rtishchevsky was created, and the Museum of Military Glory was opened.
Years have passed, and digitized materials from the Ministry of Defense archives have become available, published on special websites on the Internet. Thanks to this data, documents collected by E.P. Kozlova, and the memories of descendants, the lists of the dead in the Book of Memory of the village of Rtishchevsky were expanded.
Goals of search and research work:
– to continue the great work of the home front worker, primary school teacher Elena Pavlovna Kozlova of the Ivano-Kulikovsky secondary school in preserving the perpetuation of the memory of the fallen;
– demonstrate the experience of creating the Book of Memory of teachers of veterans of the Great Patriotic War and home front workers with the help of local history material and documents in the form of creating a bilingual book in the village of Rtishchevsky.
Research objectives:
1. explore documentary sources about veteran teachers of the school; [1]
2. find interesting facts about the biography of our teachers during the Great Patriotic War and add to their heroic pages;
3. study documents and materials, create articles in English for the Book of Memory of teachers: Elena Pavlovna Kozlova, Kudinovs, Maria Fedorovna Makulina, Platonovs, Teplyakovs; [2], (Appendix No. 1-20)
4. preserve the memory of each of these heroes and use the collected information in the school museum;
5. create a bilingual book in Memory of the teachers of our village for the practical application of students’ knowledge in the field of project activities in English lessons. (Appendix No. 1-20)
The object of the study is the fate and characteristics of the lives of the heroes-teachers and home front workers of the village of Rtishevsky, who participated in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
The subject of the research is analysis of information sources; interviews with relatives and students of veteran teachers, work with family museum and archival materials, photographs, IDs, certificates; processing of results.
During the research process, students turned to the “Book of Memory of the Saratov Region”, the sites “Memory of the People”, “Memorial”, and published information from military archives.
Kozlova Elena Pavlovna is a primery school teacher
She was born in 1919 in the village of Ivano-Kuliki, once a large village, known before the revolution for being part of the estate of Ekaterina Nikolaevna Eshliman (sister of the inventor of the "Russian light" P.N. Yablochkov). (Appendix No. 3)
She graduated from the seven-year school, then in 1938 she graduated from the Saratov pedagogical school.
Since 1938, she worked in the village of Chiganak, where she met her future husband, Fyodor Zhiltsov. On June 11, 1941, his son Volodya was born. On June 22, the war began, and her husband went to the front. (Appendix No. 4)
From November 1941, letters from the front stopped coming. It was only in 1949 that she was issued a death certificate for her husband, where the "Cause of death" column read: missing.
Elena Pavlovna moved to her native village and worked as a primary school teacher at the Ivano-Kulikovskaya school throughout the war. After school, they worked together with their students in the field: they collected spikelets. In 1944, his brother Vladimir was killed in the war. After the war, her son died of an illness. Left alone, she did not lower her hand. She continued to work at the school: first in the village of Ivano-Kuliki, and then, since 1964, when a new school was built, in the village of Rtischevsky. (Appendix No. 5)
For almost half a century of pedagogical work, Elena Pavlovna was awarded more than once. Certificates of the District and the Department of education in the whole book to sew. And on Victory Day and Teacher's Day, she wore a suit with the main awards: the Order of the red banner of Labor, medals "for valiant labor during the great Patriotic war 1941-1945" and "for labor distinction", the sign "for heroic labor during the great Patriotic war 1941-1945", anniversary medals for Victory Day.
Since 1994, Elena Pavlovna Kozlova started her work on creating a rural Museum. I started by restoring the names of all the dead villagers and creating a Memory Book. Over the years, Elena Pavlovna restored more than eighty names, found relatives, and collected information about the victims. (Appendix No. 6)
The Museum was inaugurated in May 1995, on the 50th anniversary of Victory day. On the Museum stands are rows of photos of the dead villagers, in the book of Memory – their biographies, on the stands are personal items donated to the Museum by veterans of the great Patriotic war and their relatives.
Visitors to the Museum were not only residents of our village, but also guests from Baku and Kaliningrad, Novosibirsk and Moscow, Volgograd and Tashkent.
But the most frequent guests were children, students of our school, for whom a kind gray-haired woman who knew and remembered their grandfathers and great-grandfathers alive conducted an excursion.
In the autumn of 2012, the restless heart of a rural teacher stopped. And her brainchild - the Museum continues its life.
Kudinova Nina Mikhailovna (teacher of mathematics) and Kudinov Vasily Mikhailovich (school staff)
Nina Mikhailovna Kudinova was born on November 5, 1930 in the family of an employee in Balashov. The family had four children, she was the eldest. She graduated from secondary school № 40 in Balashov. In 1950, she entered the Balashov teacher's Institute at the faculty of physics and mathematics. She graduated from it in 1952 and on distribution came to work as a teacher of mathematics and physics in Ivano-Kulikovskaya seven-year school of the Rtischevsky district of the Saratov region.[5], (Appendix No. 7)
In 1957, she entered the faculty of mathematics at the Balashov state pedagogical Institute by correspondence and graduated from it in 1961. In 1964, the Ivano-Kulikovskaya school was reorganized into the Rtischevskaya secondary school, where Nina Mikhailovna continued her career as a mathematics teacher until 1996, being 10 years on well-deserved rest. She was awarded the "home front Worker" medal to mark the 55th anniversary of the great Victory and is a veteran of labor. Nina Mikhailovna devoted 44 years to children and mathematics. (Appendix No. 8)
Her husband Vasily Mikhailovich Kudinov was born on June 1, 1926 in the village of Borki in the Balashovsky district. In 1942, he graduated from grade 8 at school № 40 in Balashov and entered the Balashov paramedic-midwifery school, from which he was called to serve in the red Army on March 15, 1945. The service was held in Poznan (Poland) and Prague (Czech Republic). At the end of the great Patriotic war, Vasily Mikhailovich continued his military service in Belarus, from where he was discharged on March 15, 1950, continuing his training at the paramedic-midwifery school. In 1952, after graduating from the school, he arrived at the position of head of the paramedic-midwifery point in the village number 40 of the Rtischevsky district of the Saratov region. After leaving for a well-deserved rest in 1986, he continued his career at Rtischevskaya high school as a night watchman, working for another 10 years. (Appendix No. 9)
Vasily Mikhailovich was awarded the order of the Patriotic war II degree, as well as the medal of George Zhukov, jubilee medals "30 years of Victory, 40 years of Victory, 50 years of Victory, 60 years of Victory in the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945", medals for the anniversaries of the Armed forces. (Appendix No. 10)
Makulina Maria Fyodorovna is a librarian and school accountant
She was born on August 21, 1919 in the village of Ivano-Kuliki in the Rtischevsky district in a family of peasants. [6]
She studied at Ivano-Kulikovskaya elementary school. From the school bench, she worked: from 1939 to 1974, she worked at the school as a librarian and as a manufacturer (accountant), from where she retired. (Appendix No. 11)
During the great Patriotic war, on July 13, 1943, she was called to join the red Army in the 1864th searchlight battalion as a sonometrist on the agenda of the district military Commissariat. From February 1944, she was transferred to the 590th anti-aircraft artillery regiment as a senior radio telegrapher in the art unit. On July 12, 1945, she was retired. (Appendix No. 12)
Maria Fyodorovna was awarded the order of the Patriotic war of the II degree, the jubilee medals "30 years of Victory", "40 years of Victory", "50 years of Victory" and "60 years of Victory in the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945", "George Zhukov Medal" in 1995. Currently, she is on a well-deserved vacation and lives in the village of Rtischevsky.
Platonov Ivan Fadeevich (primery school teacher) and Platonova Evdokia Timofeevna (primery school teacher)
Ivan Fadeevich Platonov was born in 1919 in the village of Vasilyevka in the Saltykovsky district of the Saratov region in the family of a peasant with many children. He graduated from the Atkarsk pedagogical College. After graduation, he entered the school to work as a primary school teacher in the village of Vasilyevka in 1939. At the end of the year, he was drafted into the Red Army, where the war “caught” him. Everyone who is ready to give their strength and their lives to protect the gains of the October Revolution and the power of the Soviets joins the Red Army. (Appendix No. 13)
Ivan Fadeevich Platonov participated in the battle of Moscow and was awarded the medal "for the defense of Moscow", which was awarded to participants in one of the largest battles of the great Patriotic war. The battle of Moscow in 1941-1942 was the first great victory of the Soviet troops over the Nazis.
Lieutenant Ivan Fadeevich Platonov was on the fronts of the Patriotic war from June 1941 to January 1943. On January 5, 1943, as the commander of the sapper platoon of the 257th regiment of the 185th rifle division, together with the regimental intelligence, he participated in reconnaissance in the enemy's rear with the task of getting the "Tongue". There, he was severely wounded by shrapnel from a shell in his right hand with a broken bone. (Appendix No. 14)
He also had government awards: the order of the Patriotic war of the 1st degree; the Order of the red Star; the medal "for the victory over Germany". Anniversary awards: 25 years of Victory in the great Patriotic war; 30 years of Victory in the great Patriotic war; 40 years of Victory in the great Patriotic war; 50 years of Victory in the great Patriotic war; Zhukov medal (1995). [3], (Appendix No. 15)
In 1946, Ivan Fadeevich Platonov returned home from the war. After the army, he worked as a military instructor and primary school teacher in a rural school in the Rtischevsky district. In 1964, due to the closure of the primary school in his village, he was transferred as a primary school teacher to the secondary school of the Rtischevsky state farm, where he worked for 21 years.[5]
In 1975, he retired due to age. After a long illness, he passed away on March 21, 2001.
Platonov's wife Evdokia Timofeevna was a primary school teacher and head teacher from 1942 to 1948. All primary classes from 1-4 had to be taught by one, despite her young age (she was only 18 years old). (Appendix No. 16)
She had awards: veteran of labor, medal for valiant labor in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Lenin's birth, medal for valiant labor in the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945.
Teplyakov Konstantin Stepanovich (teacher of mathematics and physics) and Sokolova (Teplyakova) Alexandra Stepanovna (primery school teacher)
Konstantin Teplyakov was born in 1916 in the village of Ivano-Kuliki in the Rtischevsky district of the Saratov region, in a peasant family.
In 1938, he graduated from the Saratov pedagogical College, which in the early 30s was a pedagogical College.
The main type of daily activity of students was educational activity. However, an important place in the work of Saratov technical schools of those years was played by extracurricular activities, in which the main place was played by circles of various orientation: Leninism, the history of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, propagandists and agitators. (Appendix No. 17)
In 1939, Konstantin Teplyakov entered the correspondence Department of the Saratov pedagogical Institute, the faculty of mathematics.
He worked as a teacher of mathematics and physics in his native village, in Ivano-Kulikovskaya high school. In November 1939, Konstantin Stepanovich was drafted into the Red Army. Served in Moscow. There he studied at the courses of political officers.
Since 1919, the red Army has had the position of political officer (short for "political leader") - Deputy commander for the political part. Political officers served as Commissars in the lower levels of the army administration.
In fact, political officers performed the functions of "Junior" commanders of divisions, conducting political and educational work.
After graduation, Junior political officer Konstantin Stepanovich was sent to the Belarussian SSR, in Baranovichi. There the war found him. He was a Junior political officer of the 659th rifle regiment, 155th rifle division. "Junior political officer" corresponded to the rank of "Lieutenant".
Political leaders raised the morale of soldiers, explained to them how the fighting was going on other fronts of the war, distributed and read front-line Newspapers in the intervals between battles, which told about the exploits of our soldiers, inspiring other fighters to heroic deeds. Political officers also went into battle and often raised the soldiers to the attack by their example, and in the event of the death of the commander, they took command of the unit instead. The Germans considered them their most dangerous enemies. (Appendix No. 18)
The 155-rifle division was formed in September 1939 in Opochka, Pskov region, on the basis of the 143rd rifle regiment of the 48th rifle division of the Kalinin military district. [4]
Combat path of the 155th rifle division.
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On October 30, 1939, 155 SD was sent to Karelia and on November 5, 1939, it arrived at the Karkhumyaki station. Then transferred to Porajarvi. The division was part of the 1st rifle corps of the 8th LVO army.
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18 April — 3 May 1940 shipped in trains in Karhumaki, 25 April — 3 May 1940 arrived in the Island.
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On July 13, 1940, she received an order to be sent to the city of Baranovichi in the Brest region of the Belarusian SSR.
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On June 22, 1941 - as part of the 47th rifle corps, directly subordinate to the headquarters of the Western special military district, which had to protect their native land from the enemy from the first hours of the war. [7]
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In September 1941, the 155th rifle division, in which the political officer Teplyakov fought, was part of the 13th army of the Bryansk front.
Teplyakov's division participated in the battles near Moscow, and some of its units were encircled. And we know that the fascists did not capture political officers but shot them on the spot. Perhaps here, near Moscow, our fellow villager Konstantin Teplyakov laid down his bright head.
But not only did he make a huge contribution to the history of our region during the great Patriotic war.
His brother Teplyakov Sergey Stepanovich was born in September 1905. After graduation, he entered the Moscow agricultural Academy. (Appendix No. 19)
As a Komsomol member, he was a poet, writing poems for the local newspaper "Lenin's Way".
His sister Sokolova (Teplyakova) Alexandra Stepanovna was born on March 20, 1918. She graduated from the seven-year school in Ivano-Kuliki. He then entered the Serdobsky pedagogical College. (Appendix No. 20)
In 1937, she began working as a primary school teacher and Secretary of the Komsomol organization. In 1941, she worked as a teacher of grades 5-7, a teacher of mathematics and biology. Received a position – Deputy of the village Council. I worked in the squadron (I worked during the day and studied in the evening).
In 1943, at the end of the war, she became the headmaster of the school. From 1948 until retirement age (1973), she worked as a primary school teacher again.
During the war, she had a lot of useful things to do she took part in the production of parcels with warm things and sent them to the front, participated in the harvest-together with students she worked on state farm fields.
During the entire period of her pedagogical activity, she received several commendations for educational and educational work at the school and was listed in the book of honor of the Rtischevsky state farm. For active participation in agricultural work during the war, she was awarded medals: in 1947, for valiant self-sacrificing work during the great Patriotic war, in 1971, she was awarded the title " excellent student of the people's enlightenment of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
Conclusion
In our time, it is especially important to remember all the heroes of the Great Patriotic War: “both marshals and privates,” all those who died, went missing, returned alive, or forged victory in the rear. We bow to their feat, take care of the monuments, bring flowers to the Eternal Flame in gratitude for the peaceful sky and our happy childhood. We sacredly preserve the Memory of that war and will pass it on to our descendants.
In our work, we demonstrated the experience of creating a bilingual Book of Memory using local history material and documents.
Having studied documents and materials, we managed to create articles for the Book of Memory of P. Rtishchevsky about our teachers-veterans of the Great Patriotic War, home front workers: Elena Pavlovna Kozlova, Kudinovs, Maria Fedorovna Makulina, Platonovs, Teplyakovs.
Through the exploits of these people we learn about the events and life of the people during the Great Patriotic War. Our Motherland has lost tens of millions of sons and daughters. There is no family that it would not touch. We will never forget those who burned in tanks, who threw themselves from the trenches under hurricane fire, who lay with their chests on the embrasure, who did not spare their lives for the sake of Victory.
We plan to continue expanding the Book of Memory in the village of Rtishchevsky in the following areas:
1. continuation of work with the Book of Memory and creation of articles for the expanded Book of Memory about other fellow countrymen;
2. creation of a bilingual Book of Memory of participants in a special military operation.
Bibliography
1. Book of Memory of the Fallen in the village of Rtishchevsky / museum room of Battle Glory in the village of Rtishchevsky. P. Rtishchevsky. 1995;
2. Book of Memory of the Saratov Region, volume 6, http://saratov-geroi.ru/spisok_pog.php , access date: 01/19/2020;
3. Awards of the Soviet Union, https://ordenrf.ru/su/medali-su/medal-za-oboronu-moskvy.php , access date 01/23/2020;
4. Generalized data bank “Memorial” - a data bank about defenders of the Fatherland, killed, deceased and missing during the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period, ODB “Memorial” link to an article about Teplyakov K.S.OBD “Memorial” link to an article about Teplyakov K.S., date of access: 15.01. 2020;
5. Website of the General Education Department of the RMR. Virtual Museum "Living Memory" (materials about teachers who participated in the Great Patriotic War are collected here) http://upr-obr-rt.ucoz.ru/index/zhivaja_pamjat/0-110 , access date: 01/19/2020;
6. Collection of statistical information on the Saratov region for 1934. Saratov, 1935. p. 12.;
7. Electronic book with an article about the combat path of the 155th Infantry Division “There were fierce battles here...” Nelidovsky district of the Tver region, https://ru.calameo.com/read/00191564724bf7ccab19f , access date: 01/20/2020.
Supplement
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A bilingual book in Memory of the teachers of village Rtischevsky
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