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Сорокина Д.О. 1

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1МАОУ "СОШ № 77 с углубленным изучением английского языка" г.Перми

Корепанова А.В. 1

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1МАОУ "СОШ № 77 с углубленным изучением английского языка" г.Перми

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Introduction

Education has always played the main role in the development of a society and a state, and over the years great educators have made an important contribution to its improvement.

For example, Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky focused in his practice on the importance of developing the student's personality, believing that education should shape a harmonious and comprehensively developed personality. His innovation was that he promoted the connection between pedagogy and psychology, believing that without understanding the psychology of a child, it is impossible to build an effective education system. Moreover, he believed that education should be accessible and interesting, and insisted on the necessity of creating national textbooks, which became the basis of modern educational literature in Russia. That’s why K.D. Ushinsky is rightly called the "father" of Russian pedagogy.

"The teacher works on the most important task - he forms a person. The teacher is the creator of human souls" (M.N. Kalinin).

A teacher gives knowledge, forms values, develops students' skills and abilities. It is the teacher who goes through important stages of their lives with children, helping them to realize their talents and find their place in society.

A teacher helps children to develop communication skills, learn to work in a team, and be open to new ideas.

A teacher inspires. He instills the children faith in their abilities, stimulates their motivation to achieve success. A teacher sees the potential of each child and helps them to open up, believe in themselves and their capacities. Thanks to this, a teacher makes a significant contribution to the formation of the personality of each student.

A teacher imparts knowledge about our history, culture and national values. He(She) forms the patriotic position of the students, develops in them respect for their country and its cultural heritage.

But times are changing, and in addition to studying at school and working with teachers, students begin to use the help of a tutor. What is the reason for this? Has the program changed and is it difficult for the child to learn the material? Is there not enough time at school to study all the material? Considering that I plan to enter the Pedagogical University, I decided to set a goal: to analyze and compare the work of a teacher and a tutor and understand which of them is more demanding nowadays.

The topic of my project: Comparing the work of a teacher and a tutor.

The hypothesis of my project: Tutoring is better and more popular.

The objectives of the research work:

1. Study the history of the profession of a tutor.

2. Find out how many people use the services of tutors.

3. Ask teachers at school and tutors about the advantages and disadvantages of their work.

Part 1. The history of the profession of a tutor.

A tutor is a person who gives private lessons and receives money.

Today, tutors are hired to improve knowledge in a specific area, prepare for an exam, or improve grades.

But such specialists appeared many centuries ago, tutors have been known since Ancient Greece, where for a fee they taught young people. For example, Aristotle, the tutor of Alexander the Great.

After the conquest of Greece by Rome, tutors became in demand in Rome as well, mostly educated Greek slaves became tutors and helped not only to get knowledge in various fields, but tutors were also responsible for the moral development of students. When a child entered school, a tutor accompanied him to school to protect him from danger and preserve morality.

In the Middle Ages, education came under the control of the church, and training was mostly conducted in churches. Education became more accessible to poorer people. But wealthy people continued to use the services of tutors, and not only for children. Additional training from an educated tutor was a kind of ideal.

In the 16th century, tutoring officially became part of the English university system, primarily at Oxford and Cambridge. In English schools and universities, a student had to choose the way that would lead to his receiving the knowledge, under the management of a tutor. The task of a tutor was not to give knowledge. A tutor occupied a full-time position in schools and universities and performed the following functions:

- a curator, making a schedule of classes, exams, consultations, and monitors academic performance,

- a professor, conducting practical classes (seminars), consulting on a specific topic, organizing individual work of students, supervising research work and internships,

- a psychologists, helping students to express themselves, solving personal problems,

- a “distant” teacher.

The tutor worked in various formats: conducted individual and group consultations, conversations, lessons, seminars.

Lessons and lectures from teachers have become an additional factor in learning. The university system of education in England was built on the idea that a young, intelligent and energetic student could teach himself everything he needed to know if he was given direction.

In Russia, there was a demand for home teachers and governesses who looked after children in wealthy families.

Peter the Great, conducting his educational reform, tried to create an effective way of transferring knowledge in a short time. He adopted the classical German educational system, which was based exclusively on the academic programme. It was supposed that tutors weren’t needed in the educational system. However, if any German student always had the right to choose professors, teachers, lectures, courses, lessons. Russian students had no choices or opportunities. This is not surprising, that the first university in Russia was created only in 1755, 600 years after the founding of similar institutions in Europe.

In the USSR, tutoring was not approved and was even directly prohibited. As an independent pedagogical movement in Russia, tutoring appeared only at the end of the 1980s during the reform of the education system. However, tutoring introduced into the education system only in the 1990s.

At the moment, tutoring develops in different directions: from helping with individual educational programs to teaching distance courses.

In fact, a tutor in modern Russia is still searching for his role and mostly represents a special type of teacher who performs the duties of a consultant, a mentor, and a manager of an independent work.

Part 2. Comparing the work of a tutor and a teacher.

Today tutors are hired for adults and children for various purposes, from helping with homework to studying different subjects. I decided to survey different categories of people to understand for whom a tutor is more in demand.

In primary classes (grades 1-4), I surveyed 23 students. I found out that 30% of the students use tutors.

Tutors are used mainly to improve knowledge and help with homework in a foreign language. Lessons are mostly held individually, making it easier for the child to understand information.

The results among students in 5-9 classes were different. I surveyed 35 people, 57% of them use tutoring services.

Tutors are needed mainly to improve knowledge of foreign languages, and also to get additional knowledge of individual subjects (9th grade), in order to prepare for main state exams. Children usually work individually, but already in the 9th grade, they study more often in mini-groups.

Among the surveyed students in 10-11grades, 80% already use the help of tutors, but there are fewer students in these grades.

Tutors are needed to prepare for successful passing of the Unified State Exams, for admission to the university, for getting extra knowledge of the subject. Most often, classes are held in mini-groups, in centres specializing in the Unified State Exams.

After that I decided to survey tutors who work with my friends, teachers who work at my school, some of whom also work as tutors. I was interested in their assessment, the pros and cons of their work, how they are satisfied with their work. I entered the data into a table.

I have combined all the data into a diagram.

Conclusion

So, based on the history of tutoring, surveys of school teachers and tutors, personal observations, I concluded that at the moment there are more advantages to work as a school teacher than as a private tutor. I don't think anything will change in the near future.

Teachers feel more safe, their work is more stable, they have the opportunity to improve their qualification (more often paid by the employer). Tutors feel more free, are not tied to a specific place of work, can build their own work schedule, even choose students, but still they are less confident in the future, they do not have such stability, they need to think more about self-promotion, advertising, place of work, etc. Also, according to my research, not such a large number of students use the services of a tutor, mainly those who plan to enter universities. All this makes their work less attractive.

The hypothesis of my project that tutoring is better and more popular was not confirmed. At the moment, the work of a tutor is not so popular, working as a teacher at school is more reliable and stable. The work of a teacher is a respected, noble profession that cannot be replaced by robots and artificial intelligence.

Bibliographiclist:

Literature:

Кондукторова Н. В. Педагогические идеи К. Д. Ушинского в современной системе образования // Образование и воспитание.-Казань, 2016.-№5(10).-С.3-6.

Online resources:

Воспитание и образование в Древней Греции и Древнем Риме // Инфоурок URL: https://infourok.ru (дата обращения:15.03.2025).

Откуда взялись репетиторы? // Дзен URL: https://dzen.ru (дата обращения: 15.03.2025).