VII Международный конкурс научно-исследовательских и творческих работ учащихся

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The Problem of the Foreign-Culture Substitution of Russian Proverbs and Ways of Its Solution

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1МБОУ СОШ 3 города Чехова

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1МБОУ СОШ 3 города Чехова

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INTRODUCTION

Have you observed, like us, the authors of this project, that Russian people do not tend to use proverbs in oral communication nowadays as they used to, let us say, several decades ago? It is true that many people around us do not use proverbs in their speech at all. Moreover, there are several tendencies in the modern language and mass culture that threaten the very existence of Russian proverbs. One of such destructive, in our opinion, trends is the pervasive influence of English on the Russian language culture¹. A number of Russian words are substituted by English words², especially in youth slang³. Apart from that, everyone can see English texts all around them, for instance, on stationery and clothes, on bags and mugs, and even on signboards of Russian shops and cafés, let alone the Internet.

The topicality of the problem under study is evident: at present the enormous part of the Russian language, that is proverbs, seems to be dying out and to forecast its future seems to be fairly discouraging. There are very few works on the topic but we have come across two research papers by some schoolchildren dedicated to this question which mention the fact that Russian proverbs are rarely used by modern people of different ages⁴ including school students, their parents and grandparents⁵. However, for us it is not enough to simply state the problem: we must try to solve it. We consider that it is of prior importance to think of ways to revive Russian proverbs because they are obviously disappearing from our life.The above-mentioned works have little practical value as they present the theoretical and statistical data of the research which prove the issue to be topical but do not offer a solution that will work indeed in real life and make youngsters as well as other people use proverbs more widely. Thus, it becomes necessary to produce an idea or plan to saveRussian proverbs, not to allow them to become outdated, and to make them an important part of modern language and life in general. What is more, the English language and namely English proverbs can be interestingly used as a very effective means of expanding the usage of Russian proverbs. As we have already written above, we see plenty of things around us with English words or texts on them. Why not write Russian proverbs on them instead?

Thus, the project is devoted to the research into the problem of the foreign-culture substitution

of Russian proverbs and is aimed at working out ideas of solving the above-stated issue using English.

The subject of our research is Russian and English proverbs. The object of the research is the everyday language used by Russian- and English-speaking people, especially teenagers.

The aim of our research is to convey the idea of the value and usefulness of proverbs in the modern society, namely among Russian youngsters, by expanding the usage of proverbs in daily life. Our high-priority target is to suggest a few ways of reviving Russian proverbs as an essential part of everyday life and communication. In order to achieve our aim, first we set a theoretical task to investigate the phenomenon of proverbs which includes definingthe proverb, differentiating proverbs from other sayings such as idioms, and classifying them. The practical taskswhich we have set within this project are as follows:

to do a survey among Russian- and English- speaking teenagers to find out what proverbs they know, how often they use them and whether they consider proverbs necessary in modern life

to make a list of proverbs based on the survey results and classify them

to model and make a prototype, that is a sample, of the project product emblazoned with a Russian proverb and its English equivalents

to expand the usage of proverbs via spreading them on the products of daily use which we can give as presents to our family members and friends

to launch a YouTube channel where short videos demonstrating teenagers using proverbs and videos containing interesting facts about proverbs will be broadcast and the idea of daily-use products emblazoned with proverbs will be promoted

The following methods were employed during the research:

the method of observation

the method of comparison

the method of survey

statistical methods

theoretical analysis, systematization and summarization of information

As for the hypotheses, there are three of them which we put forward before the survey. The first suggestion to be proved is that most teenagers do not often use proverbs in everyday communication with the world. The second assumption is that they consider proverbs to be useless nowadays. Finally, the third hypothesis is that English proverbs are more popular among English-speaking teenagers than Russian proverbs among Russian youngsters.

The novelty of the project is that it offers some very modern solutions of a very topical language-culture issue. The practical significance of the project is that using the suggested product makes proverbs an important part of modern daily life of every person. Such items as t-shirts, mugs, notebooks are used at home and outdoors, in educational institutions and at offices etc. every day. In order to make this idea a mass idea, the YouTube channel is launched.

THE DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF PROVERBS

To begin with, we should understand what a proverb means. It becomes difficult in light of the fact that scholars have not reached a consensus about the definition until now. To give an accurate definition of a proverb has been a difficult issue since people distinguished proverbs in a language, “The problem of defining a proverb appears to be as old as man’s interest in them.”⁶ There are, however, English proverbs that give the definition of themselves and point out the main characteristics of the proverb:

Every proverb is truth.

All the good sense of the world runs into proverb.

Old proverbs are the children of truth.

Proverbs are the children of experience.

Proverbs are the wisdom of the streets.

Nothing can beat a proverb.

Proverbs cannot be contradicted.

What everyone says is true.

The old saying cannot be excelled.

The wisdom of the proverb cannot be surpassed.

Common proverb seldom lies.

The old saying, long proved true, shall never be belied.

Though the old proverb be given up, it is none the less true.⁷

We understand that what proverbs say for themselves is a proverb is an utterance which contains some general truth. However, this definition seems to be incomplete. As to the scholarly view on the problem, here is a list of a few common definitions of a proverbtaken from different paper dictionaries and the Internet:

“Proverbs are also known as sayings”.⁸

“A short well-known statement that gives advice or expresses something that is generally true. ‘A penny saved is a penny earned’ is an example of a proverb. → saying. Origin: proverb (1300-1400) Old French proverbe, from Latin proverbium, from verbum “word””⁹

“A short well-known statement that gives practical advice about life”.¹⁰

“Proverbs are the traditional (historic) sayings of a country. They are short, clever sentences that usually offer life advice. Native English speakers often use them in conversation without even realizing it.Proverbs can teach you more about a country’s culture than any textbook. They show what’s important to the group of people, what is considered good behavior and what is bad behavior. Proverbs can also tell you the history of a place. For example, proverbs from farming towns will use a lot of farming language, and fishing villages will talk about the sea”.¹¹

“Proverbs, by stating basic principles of folk wisdom and conduct, have become anessential and enduring part of daily speech in all societies. Very often the precepts of oneculture are precepts of another, for they are an outgrowth of common experiences”.¹²

As we see, many sources do not differentiate between a proverb and a saying and present them as one term. In our turn, we would like to argue this point of view following the Russian authors of the Big Dictionary of Russian Proverbs who write that proverbs, unlike sayings (or other phrases that are syntaxically close to the word), are syntaxically complete short mini-texts which contain some moral, philosophical or vernacular truth¹³.

One of the characteristics of a proverb is the universality of the meaning and the uniqueness of its linguistic expression at the same time. Another characteristic is its difference from the other idioms. “Each language has its own proverbs. The phrasing is unique and contributes to the colorof the language. But whatever the phraseological turns, many proverbs convey similarmeanings in different forms.<…>Proverbs are relatively easy for nonnative speakers to learn and use.”¹⁴ It is true that an idiom is “a phrase, saying or a group of words that has a metaphorical (not literal) meaning, which has become accepted in common usage”¹⁵, that is why they are a certain difficulty for a language learner. As for a proverb, it can have two planes of the meaning but still it can be understood easily enough, even when heard for the first time because its meaning on the whole is formed from and based on the meaning of its components that is individual words.

As to a saying, it is a more general term which covers all utterances which are well known and are about some common and regular situations. Sayings are sentences or a consequence of short sentences united by the meaning. Saying include proverbs but are not limited to them and are not exactly the same linguistic phenomenon.

As for the classification of proverbs, we consider the frame classification to be the most comfortable and appropriate way of grouping proverbs following Olga Dubrovskaya. According to this author, a frame is a complex conscience structure to which associative ties and the sematic field correspond¹⁶. Even V. I. Dal classified proverbs by their theme in his dictionaries. Common themes, or frames, relevant for both Russian and English proverbs are as follows:

Work, or labour.

Wisdom, or wit.

Foolishness, or stupidity.

Love.

Happiness, or good luck.

Wealth, or money.

Personality.

Motherland, or home.

Food and many other.¹⁷

Interestingly, there are a lot more proverbs about work and labour in the Russian language than in the English language.¹⁸ At the same time, there are more proverbs about foolishness and stupidity in English than in Russian. As for those about love, there are many more proverbs in Russian than in English whose message is that love is the basic principle of life, that life is based on love, and that love is based on God. In contrast, we should point out that the Russian language does not have proverbs with the meaning “Love is free” while the English language does.

We would like to finish this chapter by citing Wolfgang Mieder, the most outstanding paremiologist of the United States of America. “Proverbs in actual use are verbal strategies for dealing with social situations. To understand the meaning of proverbs in actual speech acts, they must be viewed as part of the entire communicative performance. This is true for proverbs used in oral speech, but also in their frequent employment in literary works, the mass media, advertising, popular songs, cartoons, and the like. Only the analysis of the use and function of proverbs within particular contexts will determine their specific meanings. In fact, proverbs in collections are dead, but they become significant and alive once they are employed as a strategic statement that carries the weight of traditional wisdom. Proverbs thus exhibit different semantic possibilities due to their various functions and situations. Yet, it is exactly this intangible nature of proverbs that leads to their continued and effective use in all modes of communication.”¹⁹

THE ANALYSIS OF THE SURVEY AMONG THE RUSSIAN- AND THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING TEENAGERS

We have noticed that our generation hardly uses Russian proverbs in their speech.We believe that it is a relevant problem which requires detailed study and solution as this observation tells us that a huge part of the language has either ceased to exist or has changed significantly. Having observed this fact, we could not but askourselves the following questions.

Are Russian proverbs truly a relic of the past?

Is this problem relevant only for us and our classmates and friends, or is it wider?

Is the same true about English proverbs and modern speakers of English?

What is people’s attitude toward the problem?

We have set a task to answer these questions and that is why we have decided to do a survey among both Russian and English teenagers. Before doing the survey we suggested several hypotheses which were to be checked. The first hypothesis is that Russian proverbs are used by modern Russian teenagers very rarely in their everyday life or not used at all. The second hypothesis is that Russian most teenagers think traditional proverbs bear no value in modern life.The third hypothesis is that English proverbs are more popular among English-speaking teenagers than Russian proverbs among Russian youngsters. By checking these hypotheseswe would learn how grave the problem of the foreign-culture substitution of Russian proverbs is and would know how to solve it.

The tasks and questions given to the Russian respondents of the surveys were the following:

1. What proverbs do you know? Please write no more than 5 proverbs.

2. Do you use proverbs in your everyday life?

A.YES,OFTEN B.YES,BUT RARELY. C.NO

If you answered A or B, please specify in what situations and with who you use proverbs.

3. Do you believe proverbs are necessary in modern life? Justify your answer.

First, we want to analyze the results of the survey with the Russian teenagers who are the students of the 9^th and 10^thgrades of our school. All in all, there were 160 participants of the survey. Chart 1 (see Appendix p. 1) shows that the Russian teenagers from our school know Russian proverbs quite well as 78% wrote from 3 to 5 proverbs as it was requested. However, there are a few people who do not know them or are not interested in them at all: 14% of the respondents wrote one or two proverbs and 8% did not write a single one.

We have analyzed the answers to the second survey question to discover that they prove our first hypothesis that Russian teenagers do not often use proverbs in their everyday life (see Appendix p. 2Chart 2). If we add the number of the people who rarely use proverbs to the numbers of those who never use them, we will get 87% of the respondents who do not often use proverbs in daily life. This is the overwhelming majority of the Russian teenage respondents.

As for the third question of the survey about the necessity of proverbs in modern life, the answers given to it prove the topicality of the problem but do not prove our second hypothesis as more than half of the respondents believe that proverbs are necessary. Nevertheless, 22% of the Russian participants of the survey are strongly against proverbs. 14% are in doubt or not interested in answering this question as some of them left the space blank. For a more detailed study of the statistical data see Appendix p. 3 Chart 3.

In addition, we would like to mention that based on the results of the survey among Russian school students we have listed about one hundred Russian proverbs (see Appendix p. 4). It is also worth mentioning that some were written with unintentional mistakes while some students wrote anti-proverbs instead of traditional proverbs. The most popular Russian proverbs are “Безтруданевыловишьирыбкиизпруда” (cited 76 times) and “Семьразотмерь – одинотрежь” (cited 57 times).

As for the survey among the English-speaking teenagers, it has been done via the Internet. Ten people from the United Kingdom and two people from the United States have answered the questions. One of the most important results we have gained is that not everyone knows what a proverb is but those who understand it define it as a saying. Here are the English proverbs often heard or used by the respondents:

1. A bad workman blames his tools.

2. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

3. Actions speak louder than words. (cited 3 times)

4. Curiosity killed the cat.

5. Don’t cry over spilt milk.

6. After storm comes a calm.

7. A man is known by his friends.

8. All good things must come to an end.

9. All the world loves a lover.

10. Laugh and the world laughs with you, weep and the world weeps with you.

11. Time is money.

The English-speaking teenagers are divided too when asked about the necessity of proverbs in modern life. Thus, our third hypothesis has not been proved true or false. The division of the opinions with the majority of the affirmative response and the presence of the negative answers only demonstrates that the issue is highly topical and controversial. Many Russian-speaking and English-speaking young people claim that proverbs are necessary while the others are convinced they are obsolete, unnecessary, useless etc. In between, there are some people who are in doubt about the question. Finally, whether people believe they do need proverbs or don’t need them does not matter much since both answers mark the strong need for working out a way how to solve the controversy between the fact that proverbs are not used in today’s society and that they are considered necessary or the conflict between the fact that they consist an enormous part of the language and the other fact that they are disappearing and are claimed by many to be more than simply unnecessary. Our following chapter is devoted to the possible ways of solving the above stated problem and conveying the value of proverbs and expanding their usage in everyday life.

WAYS OF EXPANDING THE USAGE OF RUSSIAN PROVERBS

WITH THE HELP OF ENGLISH

In the earlier chapters of our work we have seen that Russian proverbs are not at all popular among modern people so they can be called the endangered part of the language which must be saved. Therefore, there is a strong need for working out methods of reviving Russian proverbs in modern life.

Many modern young people enjoy learning English so why not provide a source of meaningful information for them about Russian proverbs given in comparison with English. On the other hand, we understand that it is possible to make people use proverbs more often in their everyday communication by making proverbs a part of people’s daily life.

Everything above considered, we have chosen the best way to involve more people into the work on expanding the usage proverbs that is to promote them on the Internet. Our idea is about launching a channel on YouTube where we will be uploading short videos “advertising” the usage of proverbs in daily life and promoting the values they prove to be still topical. As for the type of the videos, they can be role-played episodes from Russian teenagers’ life or they can be some educational videos, for example, about the history of a proverb, the changes in the meaning throughout the years of its existence, and its modern meaning. We are sure that our first idea of shooting mini-series about teenagers’ life will be popular and will attract the attention of many teenagers because watching YouTube is a popular pastime now. We are convinced that the more teenagers see and hear other teenagers – us – using proverbs, the more they get used to them and the bigger the chances they will use them themselves are.

As for the educational videos we are planning to upload too, we need to emphasize that they are not the main type of videos on the channel of our project. The reason for that becomes clear once we all understand that most modern teenagers really lack the desire to learn and are more likely to pass their time entertaining themselves. So, our highest priority is to shoot as many entertaining videos for them as possible – videos which are educational at the same time but are not such in adidactic manner.

What is more, we have one more good idea to offer. As we have already said, it is possible to make people use proverbs more often in their everyday communication by making proverbs a part of people’s daily life. In our opinion, not only Internet can help here. Another way of expanding the usage of proverbs is having daily-use products like pens, notebooks or mugs emblazoned with proverbs so that a person who has such an item will see the proverb(s) as often as he or she uses that item. That is why we have chosen to emblazon mugs with Russian proverbs and their English equivalents. By the way, we have shown one in a video on our YouTube channel. Such things as hand-made products or products decorated by hand are becoming more and more popular nowadays and it is a good choice for us to use this trend to expand the usage of the endangered part of the language that bears so much wisdom which many people seem to have lost now.

CONCLUSION

As a result of the research done within our project, we must state that the problem of the disappearance of Russian proverbs from our everyday life and the foreign-culture substitution of our rich language culture exists and tells us that we must take immediate action unless we want our mother culture to die in front of our eyes. Starting this project, we set a practical aim to help proverbs, the great part of our culture,get a new life and the young generation to speak the language full of wisdom not that of sarcasm as modern anti-proverbs suggest.

Below is what has been done during the work on the project:

proverbs have been given a clear definition and classified according to the themes, or subjects they are devoted to

the survey among both Russian- and English-speaking teenagers has been carried out

a list of proverbs based on the survey results has been made

sample products, namely mugs,have been emblazoned with Russian proverbs and their English equivalents

some of the sample emblazoned products have been presented to our family, friends, teachers and acquaintances

a YouTube channel with short motivating videos demonstrating teenagers using proverbs has been launched

In our project we have implemented many methods, such as the method of observation, the method of comparison, the method of survey, statistical methods, theoretical analysis, systematization and summarization of information. We consider the method of observation and survey the most important methods for our research because our project is based on the results gained with the help of these methods.

The aim of our research was to convey the idea of the value and usefulness of proverbs in the modern society, namely among Russian youngsters, by expanding the usage of proverbs in daily life. Our high-priority target was to suggest a few ways of reviving Russian proverbs as an essential part of everyday life and communication. We believe that we have managed to make the first steps in this direction. Our next task which might be even more significant is to continue doing this, not give up working to promote the usage of proverbs by young people in modern life. For this we must keep up posting videos with proverbs on our YouTube channel.

We believe that more people have started using proverbs in their life more often due to this project. For example, before the project we ourselves didn’t use proverbs very often but now that we have learnt more of themand learnt more about them we are using them in our everyday life more and more frequently.The practical significance of the work is what makes our project truly unique. It is true indeed that using the suggested products makes proverbs an important part of modern everyday life of everyone. Such items as t-shirts, mugs, notebooks are used at home and outdoors, in educational institutions and at offices etc. every day. In order to make this idea a mass idea, the YouTube channel has been launched. To sum up, we have reached the goal but at the same time there is plenty of work ahead.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ayto J. Oxford Dictionary of English Idioms. Great Britain. Clays Ltd, St Ives plc, 2010.

Collis, Harry. 101 American English Proverbs. Understanding Language and Culture Through Commonly Used Sayings. Chicago, 1992.

Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners International Student Edition. Malaysia. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2006.

Даль В. И. Пословицы русскаго народа. Москва, 1862.

Дубровская О. Г. Русские и английские пословицы как лингвокультурологические единицы. Тюмень: Издательство Тюменского университета, 2002.

Культура русской речи: Энциклопедический словарь-справочник / Под ред. Л. Ю. Иванова, А. П. Сковородникова, Е. Н. Ширяева и др. – М.: Флинта: Наука, 2003.

Мокиенко В.М., Никитина Т.Г., Николаева Е.К. Большой словарь русских пословиц. Около 70 000 пословиц. Москва, 2010.

Язык и социум: материалы VIII Междунар. науч. конф., г. Минск, 5–6 дек. 2008 г. В 2 ч. Ч. 1 / под общ. ред. Л. Н. Чумак. – Минск: РИВШ, 2009. – 212 c.

50 Common Proverbs in English. URL: https://www.engvid.com/english-resource/50-common-proverbs-sayings/ (reference date: 02.02.2019).

Blomfield Adrian. English invades Russian. // The Telegraph. World News. – 2007. URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1562947/English-invades-Russian-language.html (reference date: 02.02.2019).

Cambridge Dictionary – Free English Dictionary, Translations and Thesaurus http://dictionary.cambridge.org/

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online URL: https://www.ldoceonline.com

Militz, Hans-Manfred, and Klaus Ulrich Militz. “Proverb-Antiproverb: Wolfgang Mieder's Paremiological Approach.” Western Folklore, vol. 58, no. 1, 1999, pp. 25–32. URL: www.jstor.org/stable/1500360 (reference date: 02.02.2019).

Proverbs, Sayings and Popular Wisdom – Audio Proverbs in English and Romance Languages, Proverb Studies, Proverb Collections, International Proverb Bibliographies. URL: https://deproverbio.com (reference date: 03.02.2019).

The 50 Most Useful English Proverbs You Should Learn Right Now. URL: https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/useful-english-proverbs/ (reference date: 02.02.2019).

The Idioms – Largest Idioms Dictionary. URL: https://www.theidioms.com (reference date: 02.02.2019).

The Phrase Finder – The Meanings and Origins of the English Phrases, Saying and Proverbs we use daily. URL: https://www.phrases.org.uk (reference date: 02.02.2019).

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Берсенёва М. Научно-исследовательская работа "Актуальность функционирования пословиц в современном русском языке". Верхний Уфалей, 2011 г. URL: https://nsportal.ru/ap/library/drugoe/2012/04/04/nauchno-issledovatelskaya-rabota-aktualnost-funktsionirovaniya-poslovits-v (дата обращения: 27.01.2019).

Бредихин С.Н., Сидоренко С.Г. НОЭМАТИЧЕСКАЯ И СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ АДАПТАЦИЯ АНГЛИЙСКИХ ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ // Современные проблемы науки и образования. – 2015. – № 1-1.; URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=17525 (дата обращения: 02.02.2019).

Колес Владимир. Русский язык превращается в язык без русских слов? URL: https://www.proza.ru/2008/05/21/216 (дата обращения: 03.02.2019).

Павлов В., Шевкопляс Е. Учебно-исследовательская работа "Употребление пословиц и поговорок в речи современного человека". Находка, 2015 г. URL: https://multiurok.ru/files/uchiebno-issliedovatiel-skaia-rabota-upotrieblieniie-poslovits-i-poghovorok.html (дата обращения: 27.01.2019).

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Муниципальное бюджетное общеобразовательное учреждение

средняя общеобразовательная школа №3

Городского округа Чехов

Московской области

Научно-исследовательская работа

(секция «Лингвистика»)

APPENDIX

Выполнили:

Сейранян РозаСамвеловна,

Слуцкая АлинаСергеевна,

ученицы10-б класса

Руководитель:

Шенберг Екатерина Юрьевна,

учитель английского языка

Чехов, 2019

CONTENTS

Chart 1. What proverbs do you know? Please write no more than 5 proverbs.

Chart 2.Do you use proverbs in your everyday life?

Chart 3.Do you believe proverbs are necessary in modern life?

List of Russian proverbs given by the participants of the survey

Без труда не выловишь и рыбку из пруда. Х76 (+1 вариация «Без терпения»)

Семь раз отмерь – один раз отрежь. Х57 (+1 вариация «Сто раз…»)

Слово – не воробей, вылетит – не поймаешь. Х21

Тише едешь – дальше будешь. Х18 (+ 1 вариация «Чем медленнее едешь, дальше будешь».)

Поспешишь – людей насмешишь.х18 (+1 друзей насмешишь)

Не имей 100 рублей, а имей 100 друзей.х16

Делу время, потехе час.Х15

Сделал дело (кончил дело) – гуляй смело. Х13

Любишь кататься – люби и саночки возить.Х10

Терпение и труд всё перетрут. Х10

Что посеешь (посадишь), то и пожнёшь. Х10

Дело мастера боится. Х9

Хлеб всему голова. Х7

Шило в мешке не утаишь Х7

За двумя зайцами погонишься – ни одного не поймаешь. Х6

Один в поле не воин.Х6

Баба с возу – кобыле легче.Х6

Бедность – не порок.Х6

Сколько волка ни корми, он всё в лес смотрит Х6

Аппетит приходит во время еды. Х5

Как аукнется, так и откликнется.Х5

Мал золотник, да дорог. Х5

Рыбак рыбака видит издалека. Х5

Семеро одного не ждут. Х5

Аппетит приходит во время еды.Х5

Работа не волк – в лес не убежит. Х4

Волка ноги кормят.Х4

Бережёного Бог бережёт.Х4

Дарёному коню в зубы не смотрят. Х4

В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше. Х4

Ученье – свет, а неученье – тьма. Х4

В семье не без урода.Х4

В тесноте да не в обиде.Х4

В тихом омуте черти водятся.Х3

Копейка рубль бережёт. Х3

Под лежачий камень вода не течёт. Х3

Когда я ем, я глух и нем.Х3

Сила есть – ума не надо.Х3

Торопись медленно.Х3

На чужой каравай рот не разевай.Х2 (на чужой желток не разевай роток)

Меньше знаешь – крепче спишь. Х2

Яблоко от яблони недалеко падает.Х2

Попроси дурака Богу молиться, он весь лоб расшибёт.Х2

Цыплят по осени считают. Х2

Беда (никогда) не приходит одна. Х2

Без труда мечта мертва. Х2

Не делай добра, не получишь зла Х2

В чужом глазу соринку видишь, в своем бревна не видишь Х2

Что написано пером, того не вырубишь топором.Х2

У страха глаза велики.

Жизнь дана нам для добра.

Лучше уже никак, чем уж как-нибудь.

Семь пятниц на неделе

Что ни делается, всё к лучшему.

Долг платежом красен

Готовь сани летом, а (… - 1) (телегу – 1) зимой.

Спорт лечит, алкоголь калечит.

У семи нянек дитя без глаза.

В карман за словом не полезет.

Молчи – за умного сойдёшь.

Волков бояться – в лес не ходить. (+1 вариация «Зверей бояться – в лес не ходить».)

Как потопаешь, так и полопаешь??? Как поработаешь, так и полопаешь.

Береги платье снову, а честь – смолоду.

Молчание – золото.

Корень ученья горек, а плод его сладок.

Не беги вперёд паровоза.

Индюк тоже думал, да в суп попал.

Каждый сам кузнец своего счастья.

Кто не работает, тот не ест.

На безрыбье – и рак рыба.

Кашу маслом не испортишь.

Не так страшен чёрт, как его малюют.

Кашу не сваришь из топора.

От ума и дело велико.

Думай медленно, решай быстро

Дают – бери, бьют – беги.

Не рой яму другому – сам (в неё) попадёшь.

На других надейся, а сам не плошай.

Два сапога пара.

Обещанного три года ждут.

Кто не рискует, тот не пьёт шампанского.

Любишь медок, люби и холодок.

Бери ношу по себе, чтоб не падать при ходьбе.

Не пойман – не вор.

Кто лучше справится, тому достанется.

Любопытной Варваре на базаре нос оторвали.

Кто рано встает, тому Бог подает

Бесплатный сыр бывает только в мышеловке

В своей норе и мышь себя львом чувствует.

В споре рождается истина.

Время – деньги.

Беда не по лесу ходит, а по людям.

Большому кораблю – большое плавание.

Бедного обижать – себе добра не желать.

Чем бы дитя не тешилось, лишь бы оно не плакало

Относись к людям так ,как ты хочешь чтобы относились к тебе

Скупой платит дважды

Не суди судимым не будешь

С кем поведешься, того и наберешься