VII Международный конкурс научно-исследовательских и творческих работ учащихся
Старт в науке
Recycling in the United Kingdom and Usady
Автор работы награжден дипломом победителя II степени
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Introduction
2017 was the year of Ecology in Russian Federation. There were a lot of ecological events in Russian regions. December 2016 Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a law that establishes rules for waste management and fixes separate waste collection in Russia. According to the document, from January 1, 2019 will come into force article of the law, which amends the Federal law "on General principles of local government in the Russian Federation." They relate to the participation of organizations in the activities of accumulation (including separate), collection, transportation, processing, disposal, disposal, disposal of solid municipal waste in the territories of the relevant municipal areas.
While studying the separate waste collection we came to the following aim:
to prove necessity of recycling in our country and research opportunity to recycle in our area.
To achieve this aim we had to do following:
1) to study the separate waste collection in the UK
2) to study background experience in recycling in the UK
3) to do an opinion survey among students
4) to do the project of Recycling in school
5) to analyze the results
The object of research is separate waste collection. Its subject comprises investigation of separate waste collection in Great Britain and Russian Federation. Methods: analysis, comparison.
The field of research is separate waste collection in Great Britain and Russian Federation.
The practical use: the work can be used in the English lessons and at home. It can help students to beef up knowledge about recycling in the UK and Russian
Federation, learn how to sort garbage at school and at home, to improve their language skills. It can also motivate students to recycle and love their motherland.
The research work consists of the introduction, main part, conclusion and a list of literature. Main part includes research and comparison the separate waste collection in the UK and Russian Federation, an opinion survey among students, a practical part of recycling.
2. Main part
2.1. Separate collection of waste in the United Kingdom
It’s always difficult to begin something new. This time Russia is not the first country that is going to recycle. Do you recycle at home? Why?
In 2000 the United Kingdom had problems with waste recycling. It was recycled only 12 per cent of municipal waste instead of possible 60 per cent. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was at the worst recycling rates in Western Europe. According to survey Englishmen did not have opportunity to recycle. In 2000, Friends of the Earth started campaigning for a new recycling bill which would mean every household in the country would have a doorstep recycling service – so that recycling could be as easy as putting the rubbish out.
The Parliament of the United Kingdom provided The Household Waste Recycling Act 2003 that should be amended to increase the number of recyclable items that collection authorities must collect from households to at least seven.
Today the residents of the United Kingdom sort their litter into three bins: organic and food waste, recyclable and non-recyclable garbage. There are special containers for cellphones, household appliances, clothes, toys batteries near large supermarkets in cities.
There was huge information campaign with instruction booklets on garbage collection. British authorities distributed special leaflets on waste sorting to clarify what kind of waste should be thrown in each bin.
There is a fine of 1000 pounds for house-owners who does not sort their garbage or sort it incorrectly. The law regulates the weight of wastes to reduce the amount of litter produced in the United Kingdom. According to “the rule of two fingers” the
weight of the garbage bag shouldn’t be too heavy in such a way that you can easily pick it up with the help of two fingers.
The biggest problem in the United Kingdom is food wastes. Every year citizens of that country throw away about 7 million tons of food. Meanwhile, 60% of that food you can eat. In fact, British people get rid of the food which is not stale yet but also is not 100% fresh. In some districts such food is sent to hostels, homes and canteens for the homeless.
We have seen it has been taken for a long time to teach people sorting litter in the United Kingdom.
2.2 An opinion survey
To see the level of knowledge of separate collection of waste and recycling in our district we have made an opinion survey among the fifty students of Usadovskaya school. We have chosen the students of different classes and asked them to answer our questions. Age of students is from 9 years old to 16 years old.
1. Have you ever take part in local environmental projects example litter collection/ tree planting/recycling projects?
Yes – 50
No – 0
Litter collection – 50
Tree planting - 40
Recycling projects – 45
Graphical chart 1
2. Do you sort your waste at home?
Yes – 0
No – 48
Partially – 2
3. Do you always collect paper, batteries, lamps?
Yes – 6
No – 44
Paper -2
Batteries - 3
Lamps - 1
4. Do you need paper-recycling bins at school/ at your village?
at school
Yes – 48
No – 2
at our village
Yes - 47
No – 3
5. Do you know how to sort waste?
Yes – 5
No – 35
Partially – 10
6. Do you know where your local recycling bank is?
Yes – 0
No – 50
The results show that students have information about recycling, but they don’t use it in their life. They take part in local environmental projects organizing by school for example litter collection/ tree planting/recycling projects They agreed that they should recycle and be more responsible citizenship, but they noted that there are no conditions for sorting garbage in their area. Respondents said if people had the opportunity, they would want to recycle more.
2.3. Recycling in Usadovskaya school
The results of opinion survey have showed that students are interested in recycling but they don’t have the opportunity. We have decided to do recycling at our school.
Paper recycling. The biggest part of school rubbish is paper. We have provided each classroom with boxes “for paper only” to put used paper in. We have made posters including information about paper recycling. Both teachers and children reuse paper as packing material, scrap paper or just as recycling material for after school activities; print or write on both sides of the paper. Every week 1-3 kilogram of used paper is collected as rubbish in one classroom. Our principal and her assistant principals collect 6-10 kilogram of used paper every week.
Battery recycling. We do not use batteries at school and we do not have waste batteries. It is well-known ordinary household batteries do contain some hazardous chemicals so ideally should not be thrown out with the day to day rubbish. We encourage residents to use rechargeable batteries and electricity mains instead of ordinary batteries. We have provided our school with a battery-recycling bin. It had been collected 300 batteries for one month.
3. Conclusion
In the result of the research, we were able to achieve our aim. We prove necessity of recycling in our country and research opportunity to recycle at least at our school.
The following conclusion was made:
According to our research, the recycling of waste increased in four times in the United Kingdom due to the Household Waste Recycling Act 2003, public awareness campaigns, opportunity to recycle and fines.
The results show that students have information about recycling, but they don’t use it in their life. They take part in local environmental projects organizing by school for example litter collection, tree planting, recycling projects They agreed that they should recycle and be more responsible citizenship, but they noted that there are no conditions for sorting garbage in their area.
We have started the recycling program at our school. For November 2018 we have collected 100 kilograms of paper and 300 batteries.
All things considered, we can say that it is very important to know why and how to recycle the waste, to have enough opportunities for that and do the best to make our world cleaner and better.
Resources
1. А. Гаркуша. Как внедрить раздельный сбор отходов в своем дворе (микрорайоне/городе). Путеводитель. – М., 2018. – 28 с.
2. Бабанин И. Мусорная революция. Как решить проблему бытовых отходов с минимальными затратами // ОМННО "Совет Гринпис", 2008. - 22 с.
3. Сильги, Катрин де. История мусора от средних веков до наших дней [Текст] = Histoire des hommes et de leurs ordures. Du moyen age a nos jours / К. де Сильги ; пер. с фр. И. Васюченко, Г. Зингера. - М.: Текст, 2011. - 288 с.
4. British Polling Council. – URL: http://www.britishpollingcouncil.org/
5. Encyclopedia Britannica. – URL: http://www.britannica.com
6. Friends of the Earth. – URL: https://friendsoftheearth.uk
7. Gov.uk. – URL: https://www.gov.uk/
8. Household Waste Recycling Act 2003 – URL: http://www.legislation.gov.uk
9. Louise Smith Household recycling in the UK / Louise Smith, Paul Bolton. - House of Commons Library, BRIEFING PAPER, Number CBP 7285, 12 September 2018
10. Recycling guide.org.uk. – URL: http://www.recycling-guide.org.uk