II Международный конкурс научно-исследовательских и творческих работ учащихся
Старт в науке
НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКАЯ РАБОТА "ИМПЕРИЯ МАКДОНАЛЬДС"
Автор работы награжден дипломом победителя III степени
Полная версия работы доступна во вкладке "Файлы работы" в формате PDF
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
ГЛАВА 1 Fast food и его влияние на жизнь человека
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Первый Fast Food в истории
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Положительные и отрицательные факторы влияния фаст фуда на организм
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ГЛАВА 2. Экспериментальное исследование
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Описание и анализ результатов исследования
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ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
Приложение 1. Анкета
Приложение 2. Фотографии эксперимента
INTRODUTION
Modern life runs so quickly that people often don’t have enough time to eat. And most certainly they get little time for cooking. Lots of people think that fast food is the best solution in this situation. Food that is prepared and served quickly is termed as 'fast food'. This term was recognized recognized in a dictionary by Merriam–Webster in 1951.That’s why fast-food chains have become so popular, but at the same time fast food became the cause of many health problems. It’s a very burning and actual problem nowadays. In my research work I want to know the influence of fast food on our organism. Everyone knows that fast food is very harmful to people. MacDonald’s is very popular among children, teenagers and youth. I have decided to make an experiment and as an example to make out a world famous restaurant which is called MacDonald’s. It is also fast food.
The problem of my project: modern society heavily relies on fast food but fast food is a time bomb. Everybody must know it! The aim of the work is to found out the influence of fast food on people’s health.
CHAPTER 1
1.1 Fast food
Firstly, I would like to tell you about McDonald’s. Do you know the name of this brand? I guess, you know. Why I decided to raise this theme? I want to prove you that fast- food entails consequences, namely, gastritis, ulcers, obesity. Our physical and spiritual health depends on them.
Typical Fast Food meal includes hamburgers, French fries, hot dogs, sandwiches, noodles of fast preparation, chips, corn flakes, donuts, pizza, popcorn and Coca-Cola. Let’s give some information about the history of appearance of this brand. McDonald’s is one of the leading restaurant chains in the world, touching the lives of people every day.
The long journey of the burger brand started in 1940, when two brothers, Dick and Mac McDonald opened the first McDonald’s restaurant in California, where hot dogs and milk shakes were served. By 1945 they had 20 waiters. Their hamburgers were extremely popular with all the teenagers in the town. In 1948 there appeared paper boxes and bags for the hamburgers. This fact encouraged the brothers to cut down the price from 30 to 15 cents. The waiters were no longer needed – it was self-service. It was more comfortable to buy food – cheaper and faster.
With the arising popularity, the brothers began to open restaurants across the country. In 1960s the McDonald’s company had a large set of restaurants all over the United States. In 1971 the brothers opened new restaurants in Japan, Germany and Australia. Nowadays there are more than 14,000 restaurants in over 70 countries. Every child and teenager knows what McDonald’s is.
In 1975 the first restaurant like Mac Auto was open. Today, a half of the income of the company falls to their lot. At this time McDonald’s owns restaurants already more than in 20 countries of the world, and its turn makes 2.5 billion dollars.
McDonald's predominantly sells hamburgers, various types of chicken, chicken sandwiches, French fries, soft drinks, breakfast items, and desserts. In most markets, McDonald's offers salads and vegetarian items.
1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of fast food
I decided to notice some advantages of fast food. Firstly, the most evident advantage of fast food is that it saves time. In today's fast-paced life, there is nothing better than getting a ready meal. Besides the time an individual has to spend in the kitchen, cooking a meal also requires one to make a trip to the supermarket to buy the ingredients for the dish. Then, there is the added effort and time consumed in washing and peeling the vegetables. All this makes eating fast food more preferable over cooking a meal for a busy individual.Secondly, saving money gives fast food an edge over the meal prepared in the kitchen. If one lives alone, then it is cheaper to buy a meal at the supermarket instead of cooking it at home. Also, certain fast foods like fries and burgers come pretty cheap.Besides, there are some disadvantages. Usually, fast food is higher in soya, fat, sugar, oil, fried meat, salt, cheese, and mayonnaise. The greatest disadvantage of fast food is the adverse effect that it has on one's health. It is a fact that fast food is more unhealthy than home-cooked meals, as it contains higher amounts of unwanted nutrients like salt, fat and various types of additives (artificial chemicals). It may contain harmful bacteria too. Frying also destroys most of the essential nutrients from the food. Very small amounts of vegetables and fruits are present in fast food.Moreover, 'serving larger portions' when most people don't need extra portions has led to several health problems. We require a small amount of salt to maintain the health of the cells and tissues. Fast food being rich in salt, adversely affects the heart health and the overall health of an individual. Such type of food is an important contributor to obesity in the American population. Obesity is on the rise, and a direct link is being cited between fast food and obesity in children.Thirdly, given the sedentary lifestyle that we lead today, the excess fats and calories that we consume is not burnt. These accumulate in our body as fat deposits that cause complications like cardiovascular diseases and other related diseases of the heart. With obesity come other problems like high blood pressure and diseases of the joints. In fact, a recent study has shown that people who live within walking distance of a fast food restaurant are at 13% higher risk of suffering from strokes.The greater the number of people at a meal in a fast food restaurant, the larger is the bill. Eating at fast food outlets is economical only for a single person. Going out to a fast food eating joint with family once in a while won't matter much. However, frequent visits to such restaurants with one's family can become quite an expensive affair, besides being unhealthy.
CHAPTER 2 Experimental investigations
Experiment 1 Acids make Coca-Cola clean things. Coca – Cola is good for cleaning and it is bad for drinking. Take a kettle, pour Coca-Cola. Switch on the kettle. Look the result! To drink or not to drink, it’s your choice.
Experiment 2 Home-made food and fast food: a hamburger and a French potato.
In the second experiment we took a hamburger with potato from MacDonald’s and a cutlet with potato from home. MacDonald’s potato and a hamburger are in the left side, home-made potato and a cutlet are in the right side. We put them into bottles. As you can see at the photos, home-made potato became to grow musty through 6 days while MacDonald’s potato- through 10 days. MacDonald’s hamburger didn’t grow musty at all. Fast food looks better than home-made food after 10 days. Why? It shows that almost all fast food products contain a lot of carcinogens and they are harmful for us. For example, E 102 (the industrial waste).
Experiment 3 In my third experiment I made a survey among the pupils of our school. You can see the questions, the answers, the diagrams.
Do you like fast food?
What kind of fast food do you like?
Have you ever had problems with your health after visiting MacDonalds?
Does fast food damage your health?
Look at the harmful effects of fast food. Fast food can cause obesity. According to statistics nowadays almost every fourth citizen of the planet suffers from obesity.
CONCLUSION
Having analyzed all facts we came to the conclusion that fast food is really harmful for people’s health. So it destroys our hypothesis about healthy fast food in McDonalds In spite of it, children like to go to McDonald’s and we would recommend them to limit the numbers of visiting such institutions. It can reflect to your health. Personally, I think that every man must think about his life, make right decisions. The health of a person is the main value in the life. There is no price for it. Being sick, you cannot realize all your dreams and be successful in the modern world. I think that this work is very useful for me. Now I know that home-made food is better than fast food and a balanced diet is a very important thing. In conclusion, I’d like to say that everyone has a choice. I choose fresh fruit and vegetables. That’s why when I’m at a fast-food restaurant I order a salad and an orange juice.
Список литературы:
1.Быстрое питание. [Электронный ресурс]// Википедия. Свободная энциклопедия. Адрес: http://ru.wikipedia.org/
2. Los Angeles Times, Letters: Lower-calorie fast food is still fast foodSeptember, 2013
3. Михайлов, Артём. Психиатры установили что фаст фуд опасен для нервной cистемы человека. [Электронный ресурс]// Ежедневная деловая газета «РБК daily». - 20января. Адрес: http://www.rbcdaily.ru/2011/01/20/cnews/56294997957273
4. Мифы о вкусном и здоровом Макдональдсе. [Электронный ресурс]// Fast-Fast-
Food.ru. Адрес: http://fast-fast- food.ru/stats-mify.php.
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ
Анкета (Questionnaire)
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Do you like fast food?
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What kind of fast food do you like?
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Have you ever had problems with your health after visiting MacDonalds?
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Does fast food damage your health?
Фотокарточки. Эксперимент 1
1.Наливаем Coca-Cola в чайник
2.Доводим содержимое до кипения
3.Чайник очищен от накипи
Эксперимент 2