II Международный конкурс научно-исследовательских и творческих работ учащихся
Старт в науке
ЯЗЫК СМС СООБЩЕНИЙ
Автор работы награжден дипломом победителя II степени
Полная версия работы доступна во вкладке "Файлы работы" в формате PDF
Introduction
Communication through mobile phone – today is the most common and affordable way for students of electronic communication. Mobile telephony provides not only voice transmission information, but also send text messages ,which are called SMS (Short Message Service). Nowadays, mobile phones have the function of exchange SMS-messages , which is one of the most popular in mobile communications. The word «SMS» has already become a literary language , and became widely used. Since communication with a mobile phone - one way transmission of information over long distances, the transmission of SMS- messages directly related to the "mass communication."
With the development of communication technology with mobile phones in our lives and broke quickly gained popularity SMS- messages, which have become an integral part of youth culture. What attracts young people this kind of communication? According to psychologists, SMS- chat liberates people: in the short message you can write something that is difficult to say aloud in a lively conversation. Nowadays, people use text messaging to transmit not only what - or information , as well as to invest in their feelings, emotions and a certain sense, for example , when writing greeting SMS - messages. Some mobile users (students are no exception) send up to 30 messages per day. University students and school pupils are widely used SMS- messages for several reasons: this way of communication saves time and money; SMS- message can be delivered at the right time for your destination, use the SMS- messages handy if you want to keep quiet . Teens use the services of a mobile phone, not only in school at recess, but during lessons ( they send short text messages to get a clue or compare answers and solutions ) .
Electronic method of written communication students - correspondence with each other via SMS- messages - is a written form of spoken language learners. In my opinion, there was a special way of communicating teenagers - the language of SMS-messages (or SMS- language), which is based on the use of certain slang and words invented by the students and has a predominance of neologisms and unusual cuts. In addition, it is replenished constantly vocabulary of e-mails from the modified speaking, living in chat rooms and on Internet forums. Finally, short text messages, representing the written form of spoken language learners reflect the natural processes that occur in the SMS- language.
It is important to note that in recent years has increased interest in the language of SMS-messages schoolchildren. Russian society is beginning to worry about the problems associated with modern culture speech of students appear in print individual articles, the authors of which relate to the problem of " mobilemanii " among teenagers.
This topic is relevant, since virtually all cellular users, especially teenagers, have resorted to the use of SMS language in their communication. And as cellular communication appeared in our life recently, then SMS - a new phenomenon and requires further study .
Therefore, the purpose of my work - Identify and describe the features of SMS-modern English language.
To achieve the objectives were as follows:
1. Explore the history of the emergence and development of language SMS.
2. Determine the relevance of studying SMS-language among the youth;
3. Analyze the results.
Chapter I. History of SMS- Language
SMS- abbreviation stands for: Short Message Service. Today it is the most popular technology capable of exchanging information anywhere and at anytime using cellular. And we are now hard to imagine a time when there was no SMS as well as mobile phones. And very few people think about when it was first sent an SMS-message, and who invented SMS. This technology has become one of the symbols of modern mobile life - today SMS service used by more than 80% of mobile subscribers in France only for one day people share more than 20 million messages sent and the number of posts around the world hundreds of billions a year.
History of development of SMS is very interesting: 14 years this service has remained unclaimed, and then for a short period of time for most operators become almost the main source of additional income .//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// It all started back in 1991 when the Institute of Telecommunications Standards (ETSI) proposed a mechanism for the exchange of small blocks of text information between the mobile subscriber stations . However, it was then sent from a PC to a mobile phone. December 3, 1992 the British company Vodafone engineer Neil Papuort (Neil Papworth) sent from a PC to a mobile phone to colleagues the world's first SMS - message containing a short greeting Merry Christmas . Message was "Merry Christmas" (" Merry Christmas "). ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////.Thus was born the technology, changed afterwards mobile life of millions of people worldwide.
Now Neil Papuort lives with his family in Montreal and works as a software architect in the company Tekelec. Interview with Neil Papuortom.
- What was the purpose of sending messages in one day?
- Demonstrate that you can send SMS outside of the laboratory.
- Why you are asked to send a message?
- I was one of those employees who worked installing and testing the software for our customer - company Vodafone.
- How do you verify that the message was delivered, and where there was a host?
- I sent SMS to Richard Jarvis (Richard Jarvis), who was at the Christmas party of Vodafone. Colleague Richard Jarvis called the manager, who was next to me. The manager was out of Vodafone.
- How did you come up with the idea to send the message "Merry Christmas" on December 3rd? Did you find that the message is too long to go?
- What else could send a Christmas party?
- What did you feel at the time when the message was sent and delivered?
- It was a professional moment. We felt the tension. When we realized what we did, just thought, "Great!"
- When did you realize that you have a successful pioneer of global communication tool?
- Ha, I did not even think about it until the moment is not yet widely sanctified 10th anniversary SMS.
- What impact SMS had on your life personally?
- I continue to work with SMS for almost 20 years. Every year I get 5 minutes of fame - write about me in the local newspaper. Starred in commercials Superbow l!
- What is the most important or most memorable SMS you have sent or received?
- Post birth of my three children - relatives and friends.
- Which famous person would you like to send SMS?
- I'm a big fan of Formula 1. I would have sent a message to the Briton Jenson Button (Jenson Button).
- Imagine that you have the possibility to send SMS to all mobile phones in the world. What would you write?
- Do not write SMS while driving! (Don't txt & drive!)
- When you wrote this letter last?
- When I was in Vodacom in Johannesburg, I wrote several letters to his mother! It was 1994!
Already in 1993 the Norwegian telecommunications company Telenor and British broadcaster Cellnet began to offer its clients the service of sending text messages via telephone. But promising technology was not popular, for example, the number of SMS-messages in 1995 was 0.4 pieces per month.
Ability to send and receive short text messages was laid in the standard GSM. GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications (global digital standard for mobile communications). Operators are not in a hurry to bring to market a new service, since while the mobile market is just being formed , and there was no clear understanding of how to use the new service from a commercial standpoint . Number of users are interested in this service was also small. A take on the additional costs of an unknown technology promotion nobody wanted - why take the risk, even when conventional mobile communication services for many at that time were a luxury, and subscribers gladly pay a lot of money just for the opportunity to talk on the phone.
On the fate of the new service was affected by that at first it gives you for free. With the advent of free service, determine the range of its users - basically it was a youth. And those huge volumes of messages that young people sent to each other, allowing the operator to make a conclusion about the unprecedented popularity of the service SMS. As a result, he became chargeable. But it is not able to stop the flow of phone messages and phone gradually began to turn from the way of communication managers and professionals in the device used massively. At this point began the rebirth SMS - were " mobilized " youth saw a chance to save the new service , as well as a new means of expression
Due to the relatively low cost of one SMS - messages began to bring new service very good money, and consequently received and market recognition. Operators have realized that it is profitable, and launched aggressive advertising support new services, and in 2000 allowed its customers to send SMS to users of other networks. All this has dramatically increased the attractiveness of services, and also served as a fact of penetration of SMS to the masses.
Due to its simplicity and relatively low cost compared with the call, SMS service continues to evolve and captures all new applications .
Chapter II.Classification ofSMS-Messages
1. Types ofSMS-Messages
There are different types of SMS - messages: abbreviation, letters, numbers and emoticons. Consider each type of SMS - messages.
I. Abbreviators.
Acronyms - words formed Abbreviations and read through the alphabetical name or initial letters of the initial sounds of words in it. This is the most common way SMS-messages.
Starting the history of language abbreviations should be attributed to the time the telegraph.
Telegraph first began when transmitting messages omit vowels in words. However, they are limited only official word, enter into written speech "pt", "PTA", "CSC", "kWh", "dvtch", "vskl." Currently, this method cuts in the derivation called "fluency vowels" has been developed in specific terms: (msg-message, pls-please, adds-address, gds-goods, acct-account, exx-examples, exps-expenses, rwy-railway, mdnt-midnight, bldg-building, bkg-banking, bldv-boulevard, scrpt-scripture).
Further, the idea found its continuation in Morse code, where whole words instead of radio operators used it initial syllables. In modern English word formation, there are several options for reducing the basics as the final part of the truncation of the original word: (vac-vacation, hols-holidays, dino-dinosaurus, armo-armoured, grad-graduate, techno-technology, doc-doctor, demo-demonstration , crim-criminal, ad-advertisement); truncation of the first syllable in the original word: (telephone-phone, defence-fence); truncation both syllables at the beginning and end of a word: (flu-influenza, fridge-refridgerator).
Reduction from the initial letters of the phrases found later, during the Second World War, in the telegrams of American and British soldiers home: SWALK (Sealed With A Loving Kiss - "Sealed with Love") and TTFN (Ta Ta For-"While saying goodbye").
Abbreviation in the form of the initial letters of collocations and input structures by the end of XX century, is used not only in the media, advertising, Internet, fax messages and SMS-messages, but in colloquial speech: UK-United Kingdom, PC-personal computer, PM-Prime Minister, IQ-intelligence quotient, VIP-very important person, PR-public relations. IOW-in other words, FTF-face to face, BBS-be back soon, MYOB-mind your own business, DIY-do it yourself, ASAP-as soon as possible, WB-welcome back, HAND-have a nice day, ATB-all the best, FYI-for your information.
Undergo reduction as geographic names: NYC-New York City, LA-Los Angeles, ME-Middle East, York, etc.
It is believed that the tendency to replace the words in capital letters became popular in the 80s mainly due to the emergence of rock bands that are not only cutting their names, but they were embedded in the second (secret) meaning:
"U2" - "You two" ("both of you") or "You too" ("you too"), "INXS" - "In exess" or "In access" ("in excess, in abundance").
The method of derivation model Abbr + N - N - + abbreviation word - the word (H-film - horror film, L-driver - learning driver, V-ball - volleyball, F-ball - football, X-treme - extreme, V-day - Victory day, G-man - government man, etc.) also is a relatively new and tends to develop. (Appendix 1)
II. Letters and numbers.
The second type of drawing up a word consisting of letters and numbers on the pronunciation similar to ordinary, familiar to us in words, but shorter on writing (Appendix 2)
III. Emoticons.
Also of great importance in correspondence have so-called "emoticons".
In Wikipedia, this term is the following definition:
Smiley (born smiley - «smiling") - a stylized graphical representation of a smiling human face, is traditionally depicted as a yellow circle with two black dots representing eyes and a black arc symbolizing the mouth.
Emoticons are used to transmit the mood. You can use them to report on their mood, using only 2-3 marks. (Appendix 3)
2. SMS – Argo
Argo (from Fr. Argot) - language a closed social group of people characterized by specificity used vocabulary, originality of its use, but does not have its own grammatical and phonetic system.
Not to be confused jargon and slang. Jargon usually has a professional attachment may be used as slang , regardless of profession. For example, in modern French language many words used as slang young people from poor neighborhoods, and managers with higher education.
Often, a slang language meant an underclass of society, the language of thieves, vagabonds and beggars. Argot actually become synonymous with " Fenya ." Argo is not independent of the system is reduced to the specific usage of words within a common language. Argo interacts with jargon and vernacular, forming a special lexical layer - slang.
Argo often identified with the concept of secret language. (Wikipedia)
SMS-Argo popularity is so great that he was to have a major influence on modern English. Increasingly, there is a substitution of a living language the language of abbreviations and symbols. Translations appear on the SMS-language works of Shakespeare, which are designed to attract the attention of the British school and university students to help them better understand the classical literature and efficiently prepare for exams. From the works of selected key passages which may be quoted in the examinations and seminars.
Here is the famous Hamlet's soliloquy "To be or not to be: that is the question " , translated into SMS:
2 b? Ntb? = ?
"To be or not to be? That is a question".
Authors such experiments believe that the translation of literary works from English to SMS - language , guided by well-known popular expression " Brevity - the soul of wit ," you can identify the most important elements of the plot . So looks pretty volume work "Romeo and Juliet" English classic , compressed using recording rules of SMS - messages to several , dozens of lines :
FeudTween2hses - Montague & Capulet. RomeoM falls_